Finder's Guide

designation in Argentine law for someone whose identity is unknown

Fishburn and Hughes: "An influential French literary magazine founded in 1909 by a group of distinguished writers and actors. Its aim was to re-examine artistic and intellectual values in the light of recent literary movements. It published the work of a number of as yet unknown authors, such as Kafka and Gide, and introduced leading foreign writers. It ceased publication during World War I and again between 1943 and 1953. 64 Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote: the January 1928 number of the NRF contained passages by Valéry, Proust and other famous authors." (136-37)

Russian-American novelist and lepidopterist, 1899-1977

Fishburn and Hughes: "The name of three kings of Babylon, the most famous being Nebuchadnezzar II (c.630-562 BC) who drove the Egyptians out of Asia and annexed Syria to Babylon. Apart from being a brilliant commander, Nebuchadnezzar II patronised the arts throughout his empire and made Babylon one of the 'wonders of the world'. CF 204: the 'Nabucodonosors of Nitria' who 'grazed like oxen and their hair grew like an eagle's' is an allusion to the story of Nebuchadnezzar's second dream: of a tree reduced to a stump, presaging the divine punishment of his arrogance by madness. The quotation stems from Daniel 4:33 and tells of the fulfilment of the prophecy of the king's downfall: 'he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of the heaven, till his hair grew like eagles' feathers, and his nails like birds' claws.'" (137)

Gálvez novel about prostitution, 1919

Klabund Orientalist poems on China, loosely based on Edward Fitzgerald, 1915

Aus dem Nachlass der Achtziger Jahre, Nietzsche's Der Wille zur Macht

Deussen, 1905

Godel book of poems, 1932

early name for the Buenos Aires newspaper La Nación

Buenos Aires newspaper, founded by Bartolomé Mitre in 1870

Parodi: diario fundado por Bartolomé Mitre (1821-1906) en 1870 que sigue publicándose. Bartolomé Mitre fue un político, militar, historiador, escritor y periodista argentino que ejerció la presidencia de la República entre 1862 y 1868. Hacia la época de la escritura de Crónicas, el precio del diario era de 50 centavos.

Borges essay, 1922

shah of Iran, 1688-1747

Fishburn and Hughes: "A robber chieftain who rose to become ruler of Persia in 1736. No direct information on the astrolabe has been found, though there may be a tenuous association with the legend that during his invasion of India Nadir Shah captured the Koh-inoor diamond." (137)

battlefield where the forces of López Jordán were defeated in 1871, near Goya, Entre Ríos

Indian king converted to Buddhism

Buddhist play in Sanskrit, whose title means "The Joy of the Serpents"

Buddhist monk to whom were revealed the arcane doctrines of Mahayana Buddhism

Indian cloud-serpents

Buddhist monk who converted Menandro, Bactrian king, according to the Milinda Panho

death ship in Scandinavian mythology

tango by Angel Greco

Parodi: tango de Ángel Greco, estrenado en 1933.

Borges work, never written but mentioned in "El Aleph"

Jean Giono, 1930, reissued in 1938

town in Bihar, India

Argentine writer, 1898-1971

Portuguese physician and writer, 1919-1989

leader of the Araucanian Indians in Patagonia, surrendered in 1883 to the Argentine army

fortified town in Belgium

Fishburn and Hughes: "A Belgian city and province taken by the Germans in World War I on 25 August 1914. It was also the scene of fighting in World War II. See Zorndorf." (137)

river in the province of Entre Ríos

Fishburn and Hughes: "A tributary of the Uruguay river flowing in the rich agricultural lands of southern Entre Ríos province." (137)

Nanjing, city in China

Vida psíquica de las plantas, Gustav Theodor Fechner book, 1848

island off Cape Cod in Massachusetts

city and county in California

translator of Gustaf-Janson's Gubben Kommer into English, 1934, and of other works of Scandinavian literature

Parodi: una marca de yerba mate que se vendía envasada en una lata que imitaba un barrilito con una imagen de Napoleón.

French emperor, born in Corsica, 1769-1821

Fishburn and Hughes: "France's most famous general, who became Emperor. His military exploits extended French dominion over a large part of Europe, and his ideas were a source of inspiration to the liberation movements of Latin America. In the Romantic imagination Napoleon typified a new spirit of individual freedom and power such as could 'challenge the world and subdue it with his genius'. See Raskolnikov." (137)

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, French emperor, 1808-1873

Emerson essay in Representative Men

Naples, Italy

town in Japan near Osaka

Silvina Ocampo, short stories for children, 1977. 

Maturana poems, 1912

Parodi: un volumen de poesías de José de Maturana (1884-1917), escritor, periodista y dramaturgo argentino, también autor de cuentos, impresiones de viaje y crítica literaria (El balcón de la vida, 1911); en el género teatral, se destacan sus sainetes y dramas en prosa y en verso.

gerontologist, character in Bustos Domecq stories

Parodi: Raúl Narbondo, supuesto médico gerontólogo y cirujano; personaje de “Los inmortales”; tiene su consultorio en el edificio Amianto; es seguidor del club Excursionistas (cf. “Inmortales” §5).

Italian critic, 1891-1973, author of books on Pirandello and D'Annunzio

Japanese poet, 825-80

Hauptmann novel, 1911

Poe novel, 1837-38

Portuguese poet, 1734-1819, better known by his pseudonym of Filinto Elysio

city in Tennessee

Egyptian political leader, 1918-70

Loomis work, 1922, the least popular of his works

Nathan, Biblical prophet

city in Mississippi

Andre Billy, 1938

US essayist and critic, 1882-1958, co-founder and editor of The American Mercury and contributor to Smart Set

James critical work, 1879

Fishburn and Hughes: "A learned society, with membership by invitation only, founded in 1893 for the writing of Argentine history." (138)

Fishburn and Hughes: "The leading art gallery in Buenos Aires, now the Museo de Bellas Artes." (138)

Fishburn and Hughes: "The National Library is now situated in the old part of Buenos Aires, in Barrio Sur. It was founded as the Public Library on 7 September 1810, immediately after the declaration of Independence. The first Director was Paul Groussac, a French scholar much admired by Borges. Borges's appointment to the directorship in 1955 came at a time when his eyesight was failing, an event poignantly remembered in 'Poem of the Gifts' (Sel. Poems 129). The library houses three copies of every book published in Argentina, and any related work published abroad. Of its 650,000 volumes, Borges remarked: 'It's almost infinity, isn't it?' The building is an imposing edifice, but in almost total decay." (138)

Wright novel, 1940

Seneca book on natural phenomena, written c. 63 A.D.

personification of nature

Pliny the Elder's vast compilation in 37 books of information and misinformation about geography and the natural world, 77 A.D.

Hudson, 1892

Whitehead, 1938

Eddington, 1928

Antonio Dionisio Lussich's Book (1893). An personal account of the most famous shipwrecks.

Fischart translation of Rabelais, 1575

stock character in Argentine melodramas

region of northern Spain

Spanish historian and hydrographer, 1765-1844, author of a 5 vol. work on Spanish voyages of discovery

town in province of Buenos Aires

Argentine journalist and editor, friend of José Hernández

Portuguese writer, part of the Presença group

story of Brendan's sea-voyage

water nymphs in Greek mythology

Nazareth, city in Israel

Jesus Christ, see also Jesucristo

Fishburn and Hughes: "From a letter written by Leibniz in January 1692 to Simon Foucher (1644-1696), a philosopher who applied the Cartesian method of doubt in the quest for truth. The letter stresses the need to illustrate the working of all accepted 'axioms' to further the progress of science. In particular Leibniz asserts the axiom that 'nature does not make jumps', from which it follows that all matter is infinitely divisible. With regard to motion, Leibniz agrees with Foucher that all space is infinitely divisible and adds that infinitely divisible space exists in a time which is also infinitely divisible. In the contest with the tortoise, Achilles need not Tear the tortoise': the total time (and total distance) necessary for Achilles to catch up with the tortoise can be expressed as the sum of an infinite geometric progression in which each term is smaller than the previous one. While the number of terms is infinite, because the terms become infinitely small, their sum is a finite quantity. At that point Achilles reaches, and begins to overtake, the tortoise. This provides a mathematical resolution of Zeno's famous paradox. The ideas expanded in this letter reflect Leibniz's earlier work on the infinitesimal calculus." (138)

state in the United States

Spanish Renaissance humanist, 1442-1522

German scholar of Icelandic literature, 1878-1940, author of Thule: Altnordische Dichtung, Kultur des alten Germanen and other works

town on the Atlantic coast of the province of Buenos Aires

Parodi: ciudad ubicada en la costa atlántica a unos 500 km al sur de Buenos Aires. Posee un importante puerto que comparte con la ciudad de Quequén, fundada en 1854, con anterioridad a Necochea, a la que está unida por varios puentes. A principios de siglo XX, Quequén se convirtió en uno de los lugares de veraneo preferido por la aristocracia argentina, siendo el viejo Hotel Victoria el lugar donde funcionó el primer casino del país, inaugurado en 1892. En Quequén pasaron vacaciones Bioy, Silvina Ocampo y Borges; algunas partes de Modelo y de cuentos de Bustos Domecq fueron escritos allí; la novela Los que aman, odian, de Bioy y Ocampo, está ambientada en las proximidades de Quequén.

Argentine general in the independence wars, 1791-1849

Excerpt from Confucianism and its Rivals, 1915, by Herbert Allen Giles.

ranch in Bustos Domecq story

Langston Hughes poem

Uruguayan newspaper founded by Washington Bermúdez where Lussich published some poetry, here one of the "numbers" in Funes's system

Lugones poem in Romancero

Black Sea

river that crosses central Uruguay from east to west

policeman, character in Borges-Bioy filmscript

character in Bustos Domecq story

Parodi: novia del narrador, escucha en silencio la narración de la fiesta.

characters in Borges story, see Nilsen

British admiral, 1758-1805

Portuguese writer, 1901-1978

character in Bustos Domecq stories

Parodi: ebanista, tiene su taller en el Once. El apellido de este personaje era popular en el barrio por ser el del propietario de una de las tres tiendas de comestibles “Nemirowsky, Bruselowsky y Szmedra”, la ubicada en la esquina de Corrientes y Pasteur.  Estos almacenes estaban especializados en la venta de productos típicos de la cocina judía.

character in Verne novel Vingt mille lieues sous les mers, here a pseudonym of Gomensoro

Parodi: “seudónimo de Alférez Nemo, con alusión que no todos captaron, a Julio Verne.”: el pseudónimo proviene del Capitán Nemo, comandante del submarino Nautilus, personaje de dos novelas del escritor francés Julio Verne (1828-1905): Veinte mil leguas de viaje submarino (1870) y La isla misteriosa (1874). En el cuento de Bustos, el ficticio capitán es degradado a ‘alférez’.

legendary Chaldean king

Carriego poem, published posthumously

Guido y Spano poem

Parodi: “Nenia” es un poema del escritor y periodista argentino Carlos Guido y Spano (1827-1918), acerca del cual comenta Bioy en Descanso 470: “Borges, que no admiraba a Guido Spano, solía recitar con agrado la estrofa de “Nenia”: Por qué cielos no morí […]”.

Neoptolemus, son of Achilles in Greek legend and literature

country

"las colombinas del Neptunia”. Beginning in 1930, the “Club Neptunia” of Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos, was famous for its swimming and rowing competitions in the river. The “colombinas” may refer to the swimming women. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)

Parodi: “las walkirias del Ruderverein contra las colombinas del Neptunia”: las asociaciones mencionadas son dos existentes clubes de remo; el primero, el ‘Ruderverein Teutonia’, es un club privado alemán fundado en 1890, que sigue en actividad en la zona del Delta del Paraná, sobre la ribera del río Luján. El segundo, el Club Neptunia, fue fundado en 1935 en la ciudad de Gualeguaychú, en la provincia de Entre Ríos, y continúa organizando travesías y competiciones náuticas en el río Gualeguaychú.

Roman god of water, identified with Greek god Poseidon

the planet Neptune

mythological nymphs

Nero Claudius Caesar, Roman emperor, 37-68

British earth goddess, according to Tacitus

pseud. of Neftali Ricardo Reyes, Chilean poet, 1904-73, author of Residencia en la tierra, Canto general and numerous other works

Pseudonym of Gérard Labrunie, French poet, 1808-1855

Mexican poet, 1870-1919, died in Montevideo

monsters in Flaubert and the Arabian Nights

in Iliad, a sage adviser

town in Germany

Spengler, 1924

Deussen treatise, 1920

Austrian scholar, 1865-1915, translator of the Pali canon of Buddhist scriptures

city, river and province in southern Argentina

state in United States

Arvede Barine, 1898

former name for New York City

Stevenson novellas, 1882, consisting of The Suicide Club and The Rajah's Diamond

Malcolm Grant reply to J. W. Dunne, 1934

Bacon treatise of political philosophy, cast as a fable, 1626

sometimes Nueva Inglaterra

Hinton, 1888

state in United States

May Sinclair, 1922

May Sinclair essay, 1922

J. W. Dunne book, 1938

state in United States

Wilkie Collins, 1873.

F. Emerson Andrews book on duodecimal arithmetic, 1935

Stevenson, poems.

Masters poems, 1924

Work, 1927, attributed in the Antología de la literatura fantástica to Holloway Horn.

Wells, 1908

state in United States

university in New York City

weekly magazine, founded in 1925

city in New Jersey

city in northern England

English writer and translator, 1805-97, brother of Cardinal Newman, engaged in debate about translation with Matthew Arnold

US mathematician and historian of mathematics, 1907-1966, co-author of Mathematics and the Imagination

English churchman, Catholic cardinal and writer, 1801-90, author of Essay on Miracles, Apologia pro Vita Sua, Arians of the Fourth Century

character in James's The Ambassadors

character in James's The Ambassadors

English mathematician and physicist, 1642-1727, author of the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica or Principia

Fishburn and Hughes: "An English mathematician and philosopher, author of the Principia (1687). Newton's most important discoveries include the principle of universal gravitation and planetary motion, his original calculations being based on the invariable time of the moon's orbit. CF 127: with regard to space and time, Newton held that both exist in absolute as 'containers of infinite extension and duration' in which people, objects and events have their position." (138-39)

Henry Miller novel, 1960, part of the Rosy Crucifixion

Argentine writer, author of a book on Ernesto Sabato

falls near Buffalo, New York

Middle High German heroic epic poem on Siegfried, written in Austria c. 1200-1210

Nigelungen, evil family possessing a magic hoard of gold in Germanic myth and literature

Fishburn and Hughes: "In the Norse sagas and German legend, a race of dwarfs named after Nibelung, their king. They become the possessors of the golden treasure that brings about the downfall of their people and their gods. Borges wrote on the Song of the Nibelungs in Lit. germ., 89-97. See Fafnir." (139)

character in Borges-Bioy filmscript

street in Buenos Aires

city in southern France

ancient city of Asia Minor, now Isnik in Turkey

British naturalist, author of Birds and Men, 1951

British general in India, 1822-57

Fishburn and Hughes: see Delhi.

Ehrenstein, 1916

Werfel novel, 1920

probably typographical error for Nicomedia, ancient bishopric, now Izmit in Turkey

early Christian theologian

Nikolaus von Cues or Cusanus, German humanist, scientist, statesman and philosopher, 1401-1464, author of De reparatione Calendarii

character in Don Quijote

Pérez Zelaschi, novel, 1981.

British theater scholar, 1894-1976, author of Film and Theatre, 1937

English biographer, historian and diplomat, 1886-1968

Danish-born German historian, 1776-1831

German scholar of Icelandic sagas, author of Islands Kultur zur Wikingerzeit, 1913, and numerous other works

character in Borges story

here used as an example of a German-Jewish surname

Uruguayan poet, novelist and critic, 1897-1935, character in Bustos Domecq story, author of Brisas de Fray Bentos, Panica llanura and numerous other works

Parodi: (¿1897-1935?), supuesto escritor uruguayo, autor de poemas, dos monografías, una novela histórica, una miscelánea y varias traducciones. Publica además manuscritos, que imprime la Editorial Probeta (cf. “Toros” i §2); en Las Brisas de Fray Bentos (cf. infra §12) aparece la segunda versión de un alejandrino, cuya forma definitiva se publica en la Antología de seis poetas latinoamericanos (cf. infra §14). Hombre de vasta cultura, Souza frecuentó cenáculos en París y conoció varias lenguas. Escribió lo esencial de su obra en Fray Bentos, donde se conservaba una “nutrida” biblioteca.

title story in Melián Lafinur book

German philosopher, 1844-1900, author of Also Sprach Zarathustra, Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik, Der Wanderer und sein Schatten, Der Wille zur Macht, Ecce homo and other works

Fishburn and Hughes: "A German philosopher whose belief that absolute truth is a philosophical invention had a marked influence on Borges. Nietzsche's writings must be understood against the background of the extreme physical suffering he endured which led eventually to his insanity. His philosophy is neither systematic nor expounded in a systematic form, but can be seen as a collection of different points of view reflecting the growing disintegration of his mind. In The Birth of Tragedy (1872) he changed traditional perceptions of classical culture as expounded by Goethe. He highlighted the irrational or Dionysian streak which, he maintained, had coexisted with the more restrained Apollonian element. In Beyond Good and Evil (1886) he developed the idea of the Übermensch ('overman') as the person who has organised the chaos of his passions, achieved a distinctive individuality and become creative. The term has been popularly misconceived: it was not intended in a Darwinian sense ('superman' is a bad translation), but as implying a desire to reach out beyond one's condition. Life for Nietzsche was not a wretched stuggle for existence but a positive and dynamic striving for power. He revolted against Christianity, which he came to see as an enfeebled religion of comfort, and he preached a new master morality, inciting the Übermensch to trample underfoot the servile herd of the weak. He cited the sprouting plant and the babe in the womb as evidence of this natural will to grow, declaring that creation necessarily involves destruction, since life is always at the expense of other life. Thus he saw pity in negative terms, as based on sentimental morality, admiring instead Schopenhauer's ideas of courage and destruction in pursuit of the realisation of one's own self. He regarded suffering, cruelty, dissimulation and revenge as virtues which developed strength and integrity. Speaking of the Übermensch, he wrote: 'We must be hard against ourselves and overcome ourselves; we must become creators instead of remaining mere creatures.' He considered Goethe the model of the Übermensch. Some of Nietzsche's coinage and epigrammatic sayings glorifying courage were taken out of context by the Nazis and used to support the ideology of the master-race. CF 93: refers to this misreading of Nietzsche's conception of power in militaristic terms. See Zarathustra." (139)

from the context, someone associated with Peronism

the land of the dead in the Nibelungenlied

Icelandic name for Nibelungen

Conrad novel, 1898

Woolf novel, 1919

Noche en una taberna, Dunsany one-act play, 1911

Carter Dickson, novel, 1950.

Bromfield novel, 1940

Al caer la noche, Karel Reisz film with Albert Finney, 1964

Fishburn and Hughes: "In Arabic, Laylat al-Qadr, 'night of density', 'night of majesty': a night towards the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting, believed to be a holy night in which the Koran descended from heaven via the angel Gabriel. On this night the gates of the heavens open, angels descend to bring greetings to mankind and all prayers are answered - even salt water is believed to become sweet: 'Better is the Night of Qadr than a thousand months' (Sura 97:3). The Garden of Forking Paths: the one night 'at the middle of the Thousand and One Nights refers to 'the story of the king and his son and the damsel and the seven wezeers'. This, the framework story of a cluster of tales reflecting the original framework story of the entire book, concerns the skilful telling of tales to delay an execution. According to Lane, it starts at Night 567, ending with part of Night 606, and tells of a king who was enraged with jealousy when his favourite concubine alleged that his son had tried to seduce her. He gave orders to his Wezeers to put his son to death, but they, fearing that he would afterwards repent and blame them for not having dissuaded him, tried to divert him from his purpose by relating numerous tales. A similar story is told by Burton concerning a demon, or Ifrit, in Night 602. Borges alludes to this night of self-revelation when the king hears his own story related in one of Scheherazade's tales as 'magic among nights', and speculates on the unlimited possibilities of such interpolated repetitions (see Other Inq. 45)." (139-140)

Warren novel, 1938

"The Complaint, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality," Young poem, 1742-45

restaurant in New York City, perhaps a reference to the Edward Hopper painting

English nurse, 1820-1910, famous for her work during the Crimean War

Fussele painting

Whelan film, 1942

reference to Chesterton's poem The Red Sea

place in Japan, perhaps Nihommatsu or Nihongi

city in Russia

four collections of the Buddha's sayings, which together form the Sutta Pitaka or Basket of Discourses, a division of Buddhist canonical books

Autobiografia del Nilo, Emil Ludwig work in two volumes, 1935-1937

Nile river

Fishburn and Hughes: "The Nilotic Sudan, an area along the Nile south of Egypt approximately equivalent to ancient Nubia. Its inhabitants are east central African tribes forming a distinct ethnic and linguistic group." (140)

character in Borges story

character in Borges story

character in Borges story

Hindu mystic

city in southern France

Fishburn and Hughes: "A French provincial town in the Gard, famous for its Roman antiquities. 'Nîmes, 1939': this reference at the end of the story to the place and date of its writing is part of the fiction. The story was written in Buenos Aires in 1938, when Borges was recovering from a serious illness. The English version omits this point." (140)

Bernárdez poem

Alvaro Melián Lafinur story

Kemelman, short story.

Dos Passos novel, 1932

nymphs in Greek mythology

book by Esguerra Barry and others

orphanage in Buenos Aires

Herrera y Reissig poem in Los parques abandonados, 1909

Parodi: El autor de “Nirvana crepuscular”, es el poeta Julio Herrera y Reissig (cf. “Paladión” §3).

British writer, 1897-1987

province of Iran, in northern Khorasan, and the capital city of province

Fishburn and Hughes: "The most important of the four great cities in Khurasan, one of the great towns of Iran in the Middle Ages. Nishapur was subject to many changes of ruler and to repeated attacks; the sack referred to in CF 36 was that of 1221 at the hands of the Mongols under Genghis Khan. The tomb of Omar Khayyam is located in the outskirts of the town. Nishapur is also the native town of the Persian poet Farid al-Din Attar, author of Parliament of Birds." (140)

in Anglo-Saxon poem, enemy of Welund

Nittur, city in Mysore state, India

ancient monastery in the Wadi Natron in Egypt

Fishburn and Hughes: "An ancient valley in Libya near the Nile delta where flourished the cult of Serapis to whom sheep were sacrificed. In the fourth century a Christian monastery was founded in Nitria by Amun (c.320). Its monks lived in clusters of windowless cells and practised extreme asceticism. In 399 Amun and three other monks, who became known as the Tall Brothers, left the monastery for Alexandria to support the movement started by Origen and from there proceeded to Constantinople to defend his ideas." (140-41)

US gangster, henchman of Al Capone, known as "the Enforcer," 1888-1943

According to the Antología de la literatura fantástica, Chinese writer from the IX century.

region in Burgundy, France, former name of a province

vizier of the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan, childhood friend of Omar Khayyam and Hassan ibn Sabbah

hero of Icelandic saga Njals Saga

famous Icelandic family saga, story of the burning of the lawyer Njal and his family by his enemies, late 13th century

David Garnett novel, 1929

Wilkie Collins, 1862.

Fishburn and Hughes: "A popular Spanish saying meaning that one should not go looking for trouble. The more usual version is 'No need to look for five legs', but there are precedents for Borges's version, notably in Don Quixote (pt.1, ch. 13 and pt.2, ch. 10)." (141)

Fishburn and Hughes: "CF 194: The reference to 'No One' as Ulysses (Odysseus) stems from an episode in the Odyssey (book 9). Trapped in the cave of the Cyclops, who is eating his companions one by one, Ulysses offers the giant some wine and tells him that his name is 'No One'. When the Cyclops is in a drunken sleep, he blinds him. The next morning, after the prisoners have escaped, the Cyclops cries out to his companions that 'no one' has tricked him and put out his eye. They therefore leave him alone. Once safely back on his ship, Ulysses shouts his real name across the waters." (141)

Work by Macedonio Fernández, 1928.

Barón de la Roche poem

line from Shakespeare's sonnet 123

Argentine painter and writer

Annual International Award granted by the Swedish Academy.

Swedish chemist,inventor of dynamite and founder of Nobel prizes, 1833-1896

pseudonymous author of novel in Séptimo círculo series

Portuguese poet, 1867-1900, author of Só

personification of night

Borges poem in El otro, el mismo

Saldias tango, 1913

Borges story in El libro de arena

Borges translation of Alfred Vagts poem

San Juan de la Cruz poem

Borges poem in Cuaderno San Martín

Manuel Peyrou book, 1953

Rafael Alberto Arrieta book, 1917

Noches en primavera, Otokar Brezina poem in the collection Ruce (Manos)

Aulus Gellius miscellany, published c.180

Fernández Peña painting

Jules Supervielle poem

Bustos Domecq

Parodi: “Vanitas, Los Adelantos del Progreso, La Patria Azul y Blanca, A Ella, Nocturnos”: títulos de algunas composiciones de Bustos Domecq supuestamente publicadas en diarios de Rosario en 1907, cuando apenas tenía catorce años. El empleo del término ‘composiciones’, que en el ámbito escolar designa un escrito en que el alumno desarrolla un tema en general elegido por el maestro, insinúa que estas obras de Bustos son redacciones escolares, muy probablemente realizadas bajo la dirección de la señorita Badoglio.

Silva poems

Noah in Bible, chosen by God to save representative animals and the human race from the flood

Argentine critic, 1893-1983, editor of an anthology of Argentine poetry

Navidad, Alain epigrams about Christmas

character in Borges story

character in Borges story

French historian, art historian and poet, 1859-1936

Vazquez, 1964

Silvina Ocampo’s book of poetry, 1953.

Dowson poem, 1896

Bonavena novel in 6 vols., the last published posthumously in 1939

hotel in Borges story "La muerte y la brujula," based on the Edificio Kavanagh

Hungarian writer and physician, 1849-1923, author of Entartung

Herrmann study, 1903

Heine poem

character in Cansinos Assens novel based on Max Nordau

Fishburn and Hughes: "There is no reference, in copies of La Prensa of January 1922, to either a mail or cargo boat of that name sailing out of Buenos Aires. Maritime trade between Argentina and Scandinavia, however, was not uncommon." (141)

university city in Oklahoma

Normandy, France

in Scandinavian mythology, the Furies

Ribeiro Couto poems, 1932

US novelist and essayist, 1870-1902, author of McTeague and other works

English clergyman and philosopher, 1657-1711, author of An Essay Towards the Theory of an Idea and Intelligible World

North Sea

state in United States, sometimes Carolina del Norte

Frost book of poems, 1914

English military officer, translator of Plutarch's Lives, 1535-1604

Anglo-Saxon kenning

Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, British newspaper magnate, 1865-1922, Director of Propaganda for the United Kingdom during the First World War

hotel in York, England

Northumbria, northern county of England

Norway

old Norse name for Gibraltar

city and county in England

Argentine literary magazine, 1907-1934

Parodi: Nosotros. Revista mensual de Letras, Arte, Historia, Filosofía y Ciencias Sociales fue una importante revista literaria publicada en dos ‘épocas’: entre 1907 y 1934 aparecieron 300 números; de 1936 a 1943, 90 números. Sus fundadores y directores fueron Roberto Giusti y Alfredo Bianchi (cf. infra). Borges publicó en Nosotros: “Las coplas acriolladas”, “La fundación mitológica de Buenos Aires”, “Arrabal en que pesa el campo”, “Elegía de Palermo” (1926), “Groussac” (1929); también algunos poemas ultraístas.

Frieda Lawrence book, 1934

line from Shakespeare's sonnet 107

Fishburn and Hughes: "A quotation from De Quincey on Judas Iscariot in Speculative and Theological Essays (1857). The argument of the essay is, in De Quincey's words, based on speculations 'first broached by German theologians and by Archbishop Whateley'. The text reads: 'Not one thing but all things must rank as false which traditionally we accept about him' (Writings, ed. David Mason, vol.8, 177). Judas believed that 'Christ contemplated a temporal kingdom' and the liberation of his people from the Roman authorities. Therefore it was important that Christ should be forced into action by an outsider and should commit himself without hesitation. According to De Quincey, Judas believed he was fulfilling his master's innermost purpose by denouncing him, thinking that Christ's arrest would arouse all the people of Jerusalem. The essay concludes with a disquisition on the death of Judas, of which we have two different reports, one in Matthew and the other in the Acts of the Apostles, adding that the Church is left to explain the contradictions of this 'memorable domestic tragedy'." (141)

Saki’s work, 1902.

Anthony Berkeley crime novel, 1937

Langston Hughes novel, 1930

part owner of the Sastrería Funcional, in Bustos Domecq story

Compilation of biographical notes published in Efemérides Americanas in the newspaper "La Nación"

Samuel Butler, 1917.

Jean Guéhenno article

Dunne treatise on time, 1940

German monk and scholar, teacher at St. Gall, c. 950-1022, author of a rhetoric and translator of Aristotle, Boethius etc.

Novel by Guy de Maupassant (1890).

Nuestro pan cotidiano, Pierre Hamp, 1937

Gide

revised version of Larousse encyclopedia, 1897-1904

Collection of short stories by Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, 1888.

Leibniz essays, published posthumously in 1765

French literary magazine, 1908-43, 1953- , often known as the NRF

Talvart and Boucher literary geography of France

collection of aphorisms by Manuel Bernardes, 1759

pseud. of Friederich von Hardenberg, German poet, 1772-1801, author of Hymnen an die Nacht and other works

Fishburn and Hughes: "The pseudonym of Friedrich von Hardenberg, a mystical German Romantic poet and novelist. In Heinrich von Ofterdinger (1802, posthumously) Novalis presents in terms of a medieval allegory the message that the true meaning of the world, the poet's 'blue flower', is to be sought within oneself. The Fragments is a collection of aphorisms expressing the new Romantic theory. In number 2005 of the Dresden edition Novalis writes: 'I demonstrate that I have really understood a writer only when I am able to act in the spirit of his thoughts, and when I can translate his works and alter them in various ways without detracting from his individuality.' This belief in the essential presence of an author in his text contrasts with Pierre Menard's claim to be able 'to reach the Quixote' through his own experience, thus dispensing with the original authorial voice." (142)

Carlyle essay in Critical and Miscellaneous Essays

Mexican film actor, born Ramón Samaniegos, 1899-1968

Argentine writer, 1908-95

knife-fighter in Buenos Aires

Camilo Castelho Branco novellas, 1875-77

Cervantes short novels, 1613

Novel by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, 1923.

Emecé´s series of novels.

Bandello collection of tragic stories, c.1550

Excerpt from Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Gibbon.

city in Russia, which Norsemen called Holmgard

anthology of Portuguese poetry, 1941

Mexican poet and chronicler, 1904-74

Miguel Torga short story collection

Rapper film, 1942

editor of the works of Christopher Smart with Edward Ainsworth, 1943

French woman, famed for poisoning her family

Brandán Caraffa book

region of northeast Africa

Fishburn and Hughes: "An ancient region in north-east Africa, extending from the Nile Valley to the Red Sea." (142)

Carlos Octavio Bunge book, 1903

Costa Álvarez study, 1922

Borges essay in the first edition of Discusion

Alfredo Taullard, 1927

reference to a place in Buenos Aires in satirical text

Borges essay on Vlady Kociancich, published as a pamphlet, Ediciones Olivetti, 1970

New Orleans, city in Louisiana