Finder's Guide

Shand poem in Ferment

Countée Cullen poem, 1921

I Ching, Chinese book of divination based on the study of 64 hexagrams, sometimes called Canon de las Mutaciones and Libro de los Cambios

Parodi: “El Libro de las Transformaciones”: conocido como I Ching o I King, el ‘libro de las mutaciones’ es un texto adivinatorio chino cuyas partes más antiguas se suponen escritas hacia el 1200 a.C. Su contenido original proviene del taoísmo; posteriormente fue ampliado por comentaristas de la escuela de Confucio, que añadieron contenidos filosóficos complementarios. Es uno de los Cinco Clásicos; cf. infra §29.

William Irish, novel, 1948.

Wilkie Collins, 1884.

Liam O'Flaherty memoir, 1931

fragment from the Greek Anthology attributed to Plato

William Irish, collection of short stories, 1943.

Villain in Shakespeare's Othello

famous example of hypallage from Virgil's Aeneid, book 6

pseudonym of Juana Fernández Morales, Uruguayan poet, 1895-1979

poet, author of En nombre de la mar y sus sirenas

Franco-Argentine writer and translator, 1908-86, French translator of Borges and author of La nueva poesía argentina: ensayo critico sobre el ultraísmo

Fishburn and Hughes: "A friend and follower of Borges in his Ultraist period, when a preoccupation with language and its etymology led him to indulge in the playful invention of a private language. Ibarra was one of Borges's first translators and an early critic of his work, and published a perceptive interview with him ('Borges et Borges', L'Herne, 1969). The article in the NRF is, of course, apocryphal." (95)

Fishburn and Hughes: "A form of metempsychosis in which the soul of a man is believed to enter the soul of another during his lifetime. According to Luria, this temporary reincarnation gave rise to the possibility that a righteous man who had died leaving some obligation unfulfilled could unite with the soul of a living man and make good his neglect. Conversely, the soul of a man freed from sin might return to earth to lend support to a weak soul unequal to its task. The diaeresis in the spelling of Ibbur is idiosyncratic)." (95)

the Iberian peninsula, Spain and Portugal

knife-fighter in Buenos Aires

Daniel's brother, knife-fighter in Buenos Aires

Fishburn and Hughes: "A family in Lomas de Zamora, whose legend stems from a text of uncertain origin which was sent to Borges and which he published in an anthology El compadrito (1968). The five brothers and two sisters kept an illegal gambling house, where, at election time, locals were persuaded with free wine and empanadas to favour the Conservative Party. There are certain points in common between the story 'The Intruder' and the legend of one of the Iberra brothers, Julio. He was known for his quick draw in gunfights, lived in a primitive hut near Turdera and was often hounded for stealing other men's women. In time all the Iberras were killed in criollo duels. Their type disappeared in about 1936, when local political bosses began to rely more on police protection than on private bullies." (96)

Moorish writer and poet (860-940).

Arabian historian, d. 894, author of works on the Abbasid caliphs

Fishburn and Hughes: "The name of three well-known viziers of the Abbasid dynasty. This may be of some significance in the context of the story in which the apparent king Ibn Hakkan (Abenjacán) turns out to be Zaid, his vizier." (96)

Arabian historian, 828-889, author of a Kitab ul-Ma'arif or Handbook of History and other works

Fishburn and Hughes: "One of the great Muslim writers of the ninth century, who lived and taught in Baghdad. Apart from his religious commentaries, Ibn Qutaiba wrote on Koranic rhetoric and compiled an anthology of poetic themes. One of his works was regarded as 'a veritable manual of neoclassicism', since it exhorted writers 'to create antique verses on new thoughts'." (96)

Druse character in Bustos Domecq story

Parodi: uno de los drusos, socio de Abenjaldún. El nombre es usual y corresponde a varios personajes históricos, entre otros, al hijo de Mahoma.

brother of Abderrahmen El Masmudi, 19th century Sudan

character in the Arabian Nights

Norwegian poet and dramatist, 1828-1906, author of Peer Gynt, Hedda Gabler and other works

Ecuadorian novelist, 1906-1978, author of Huasipungo

Jardín amor, Kurt Heynicke poem from Das namenlose Angesicht, 1919

Didron, 1843

sea-horses

state in United States

Saavedra Fajardo political treatise, 1640

Wilder novel about Julius Caesar, 1948

Uruguayan politician and president, 1844-1897

Borges book of essays, 1928

Vicente Rossi, 1929

Hudson memoir

Mujica Láinez novel, 1952

Muslim geographer and cartographer, 1099-1160

Kipling poem

William Irish, short story published in the collection of the same title (1943).

Cortejón

Spanish religious leader, founder of the Society of Jesus, 1491-1556

Mallorca newspaper

waterfalls of Iguazú River

river that forms the boundary between Brazil and Argentina

beautiful virgin who married Attila the night of his death

Anatole France novel, 1908

one of the pseudonyms used by Anthony Berkeley Cox, 1893-1971

pseudonym of Ilya Arnoldovich Faynzilberg, 1897-1937, Russian satirist, wrote with Evgeny Petrov

Lopes Vieira poems, 1918

Homer epic poem on the Trojan War

Fishburn and Hughes: "An epic poem about the Trojan war attributed to Homer, consisting of 24 books whose action is confined to the last few weeks of the siege of Troy, ending with the funeral of Hector and the ransoming of his body by Priam. Agamemnon led the Greeks, having called them to arms to defend the honour of his brother Menelaus whose wife Helen had been stolen by the Trojan prince Paris, but the bravest fighter in the Greek camp and the central figure of the poem is Achilles: his name is invoked at the beginning and he is the only one fit to kill the Trojan hero Hector. See Pope." (96-97)

Fishburn and Hughes: "The city of Troy, named after Ilus, its mythical founder. See Iliad." (97)

character in the Conde Lucanor

town in Spain near Toledo

Fishburn and Hughes: "A small town in Uruguay. During the Revolution of 1904, seat of a battle in which the revolutionay forces of Aparicio Saravia were defeated by the National Army." (97)

state in United States

Rimbaud book of prose poems, 1886

Christopher Caudwell book on poetry, 1937

Corneille comedy, 1636

H. M. Tomlinson stories, 1928

Bradbury, 1951

Eça de Queiroz novel, published in 1900 in book form

Leonard Frank novella, 1925

Remarque novel on the First World War, 1929

Sudermann collection of short stories, 1886

French expression referring to traditional or naive depiction of something, associated with a printshop founded in Epinal in 1796

Sayers story, 1933

Gerardo Diego creacionista poems, 1922

Aldington, 1915

Molinari book of poems, 1927

Excerpt from Pearson’s Oscar Wilde, His Life and Wit (1946).

Fishburn and Hughes: "A collection of mystical reflections in emulation of the life of Christ written in four books by the Augustinian monk Thomas à Kempis (1380-1471). It describes the various stages of the soul moving away from worldly affections towards union with God. A devotional work of great sincerity, it has been widely influential in the Church." (97)

Laforgue poems, 1886

city in Italy

Ciudad imperial, Elmer Rice, 1937

British empire

Lugones historical work on Jesuit Paraguay, 1904

Roman empire

Wilde comedy, 1895

Reyes translation of The Importance of Being Earnest

Argentine publisher, founded by Pablo Emilio Coni in 1853

Capote novel, 1966

Tennyson long poem, 1850

Hemingway collection of short stories, 1925

Entre paréntesis, David Jones book of poems, 1937, with an introduction by T. S. Eliot

Cicero oration

Sandburg, 1904

Storm of Steel, Ernst Jünger's memoir of the battles of the Western Front, 1920

Yeats book of poems, 1903

Glatzer, 1946

Libyan leader who attacked the Athenians, whose story is recounted by Herodotus

Rossetti

Marcelo del Mazo poem from the book Los vencidos

Robert Allerton Parker biography of Father Divine, 1937

Chesterton book of detective stories, 1923

Parodi: "La incredulidad del padre Brown”: volumen de ocho relatos publicado en 1926.

town east of Bombay

Fishburn and Hughes: "A town east of Bombay, in the Poona district of India." (97)

Maurice Magre, 1936

early tango

type of school notebook

Parodi: un club de fútbol de la ciudad de Avellaneda.

country in south Asia

Fishburn and Hughes: "Borges often alludes to the vastness of India and the variety of its people, referring to them as 'vertiginous' and emphasising their association with the non-rational and chaotic. Recalling the saying that 'India is larger than the world', Borges uses India as a metaphor of the universe. See Hindustan." (97)

site of battle in Uruguay in 1845 in which Rosas's forces under Urquiza defeated Fructuoso Rivera

Fishburn and Hughes: "More than one battle took place in this locality in Uruguay. The one referred to in ’The Other Death’ is the battle of 1845 when Urquiza, leading the Federalist forces of Rosas, defeated the Unitarians who supported the Uruguayan followers of Fructuoso Rivera." (97)

A Journal of Oriental Research.

Freneau poem, 1788

Radhakrishnan study in 2 vols., 1923-1927

Freneau poem, 1788

state in United States

here, the West Indies

the East Indies

Francisco Soto y Calvo, 1927

Sá Carneiro posthumous book of poems, 1937

Indian Ocean

Character from the poem Martin Fierro 

Hauptmann play, 1920

Indus river, see also Sind

term which refers to the Latin American countries with large Indian populations, term associated with the writings of Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre

Name for what is now Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

region in northern India

Fishburn and Hughes: "The land of the Hindus, comprising the valley of the Punjab and Upper Ganges. The Man on the Threshold: sometimes, as here, Borges uses the term for India in general. The Approach to Al-Mu’tasim: the history of strife between Hindus and Muslims in the Punjab and other regions of India is long and violent. Hindu religious practices are polytheistic and, though they fall into different forms of mysticism, all 'teach that the world is illusory', as Borges states (TL 373). The Inmortal: recurrent mythic themes are to be found in most Hindu religions, such as time seen as an endless repetiton of the year, the notion of repeated creations, the idea of eternal return and the doctrine of transmigration. See Wheel." (90)

Vedic warrior and thunder god

Lugones book, 1919

Infanta Isabel de Borbon, princess of Spain who travelled to Argentina in 1910

Spanish heroes mentioned in the Romancero tradition

Dante poem, first part of Divina Commedia

Strindburg play

hell

Fishburn and Hughes: "The place of eternal punishment for impenitents. Three Versions of Judas: the allusion to the Redeemer in Hell is an oblique reference to a Christian tradition that of all sinners only Judas and Cain, who lost hope, are unequivocally condemned to eternal damnation. The Theme of the Traitor and the Hero: Inferno, the first of the three canticas of Dante's Divine Comedy, describes Hell and the sinners whose souls inhabit it. Canto X 97-102 concerns heretics and atheists, among whom is Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti. He is the father of Dante's friend Guido, one of the poets of the 'Dolce Stil Nuovo', the lyric school which based the concept of love and the idealisation of woman on religious and philosophical premises. Cavalcante asks Dante about his son, hoping he is still alive. This surprises Dante, who remarks that the damned, while apparently able to prophesy the future, are blind to what is happening in the present. To this Cavalcante answers: 'We see even as men who are farsighted, / those things...that are remote from us; / the Highest Lord allots us that much light.' See Ugolino, Ruggieri. " (87)

Lugones series of short poems in Poemas solariegos

Borges book of stories, 1970

Ford film, 1935, based on the Liam O'Flaherty novel

O'Flaherty novel, 1925

northern suburb of Buenos Aires

Parodi: la localidad de ‘Ingeniero ‘Maschwitz, perteneciente al Partido del Escobar, está situada a unos 50 km al noreste de la Capital; es estación del Ferrocarril Mitre, con cabecera en Retiro (cf. “Doce” i §17).

friend of Borges, dancer and choreographer, daughter of Jose Ingenieros

Fishburn and Hughes: "A friend of Borges who related to him her invented story on which ‘'Emma Zunz' was based." (98)

Argentine microbiologist, magician and essayist, 1915-1997, collaborator with Borges on Antiguas literaturas germánicas, 1951

Argentine positivist philosopher and sociologist, born in Spain, 1877-1925

Fishburn and Hughes: "An epithet of Don Quixote." (98)

England

Book of travel by Oliveira Martins

character in Borges story

author of A General History of Labyrinths, elsewhere attributed to Silas Haslam

merchant in legend of Buddha

in runic inscription

literary magazine in Buenos Aires, 1923-1926

Baldomero Fernández Moreno, 1915

Work by Alexandra David-Néel.

Borges story, originally called "Los inmortales," 1947

Quevedo, see Providencia de Dios

pseudonym of J. I. M. Stewart, 1906-1994, used for some of his crime fiction

Chesterton, 1911.

T. F. Powys, 1926

Lenormand play, 1928

Twain, 1870

Innocent the First, pope, reigned 401-417

Poetry book by Francisco Anselmo Sicardi (1856-1927).

Russell work on meaning and empirical data, 1940

Borges book of essays, 1925

actress in Bustos Domecq story

Parodi: el apellido de esta colaboradora coincide fonéticamente con la sigla INRI, el acrónimo de Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum, la inscripción en latín de la cruz de Cristo.

Borges essay included in Evaristo Carriego, 1930

Quevedo poem

Borges poem

Haedo book of poems, 1923

Hauptmann novel, 1928

German publishing house

Parodi: “unos camiones de nacionalidad canadiense, que el Instituto, siempre atenti, adquirió en calidad de rompecabezas en la Sección Demoliciones del ejército americano”: el ‘Instituto’ alude al Instituto Argentino de Promoción e Intercambio (i.a.p.i.), una entidad estatal creada en 1946 como ente regulador de las importaciones y exportaciones; se encargaba de la comercialización de productos agrícolas y manufacturados y asimismo de bienes de capital (camiones, tractores, ómnibus, trolebuses, etc.). La creación del i.a.p.i. se realizó durante el primer gobierno de Perón (1946-1952), cuando se estatizaron el comercio exterior y las empresas de servicios y transporte públicos, que hasta entonces habían estado en manos de capitales extranjeros, principalmente británicos. En la mayoría de los casos, la recuperación de esas empresas se hizo mediante la compra de vehículos de segunda mano; de ahí que el narrador de “Fiesta” afirme que los camiones canadienses adquiridos eran chatarra, piezas sueltas de desguace, ya fuera de servicio en el ejército norteamericano. El italianismo ‘atenti’ (cf. supra §8) está empleado aquí con valor de adjetivo y con el significado de ‘siempre atento’, ‘alerta’, ‘vigilante’.

part of the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, named for Ricardo Rojas

in Bustos Domecq story

Parodi: supuesta empresa en que trabajaba Mascarenhas, dedicada a la venta de diversos productos falsificados de los cuales en “Fiesta” §12 se menciona la Tapioca Científica.

medical institute in Buenos Aires

Parodi: en el “Laboratorio Pasteur”, fundado en 1927, en el barrio de Caballito, ulteriormente denominado Instituto de Zoonosis ‘Luis Pasteur’, se producía y aplicaba la vacuna contra la rabia.

Hernández book on cattle ranching, 1881

Amancio Alcorta, 1916

Parodi: obra del político y escritor argentino Amancio Alcorta (1842-1902), publicada en 1886 y considerada un clásico sobre los planes de estudio de nivel secundario a fines del siglo xix.

Maeterlinck, 1910

Shaw, 1928

Benavente comedy, 1907

Baldomero Fernández Moreno poem

Lugones series of poems in El libro de los paisajes

Benjamín Taborga poem

section of Carriego's posthumous poems

section from Carlos Vega’s book Campo

title of Borges lecture on Dante

Harrison

Valéry, 1919

Raymond Aron, 1938

Valéry, 1938

St. Francis of Sales

Maritain, part of Eléments de philosophie

Russell book, 1919

Gordon, 1957

Faulkner novel, 1948

Borges story in El informe de Brodie

Excerpt from El deslinde by Alfonso Reyes.

Martínez Estrada stories, 1945

Collection of nouvelles by Guy de Maupassant (1890). 

Borges-Bioy script for film directed by Hugo Santiago, 1968-69

science fiction novel by Adolfo Bioy Casares

Bloy story

town in Scotland

Henley poem, 1875

Chesterton story in The Innocence of Father Brown

Wells novel, 1897

Silvina Ocampo’s book of short stories, 1961.

Iolcus, city in Thessalian Magnesia in Greece

early Plato dialogue

Greek island in the Cyclades

Fishburn and Hughes: "A Greek island in the Cyclades said to be the burial place of Homer." (98)

Inuit child in Paul Emile Victor book

state in United States

Uruguayan poet, 1889-1976, author of Tierra honda and other works

Fishburn and Hughes: "A Uruguayan poet of the Ultraist period (c.1925), connected with Borges and the short-lived but important literary magazine Proa. Ipuche, who wrote in the tradition of gaucho poetry, was admired by Borges for his concern to gain the reader's friendship rather than attain perfection of form. Borges dedicated an essay to him, 'La criolledá en Ipuche', in Inq. (1925)." (98)

Latin adage on anger

Iraq

character in "El Congreso," see Fernandez Irala

character in Borges story

country, see also Persia

According to the small biographical information in the Antología de la literatura fantástica, English erudite born in Hanley in 1871. 

English writer and forger of would-be Shakespearean documents and play (1775-1835). He is mentioned in relation to I. A Ireland in the brief biographical information dedicated to the latter in the Antología de la literatura fantástica. 

According to the biographical information for I. A. Ireland in the Antología de la literatura fantástica, ancestor invented by English writer and forger William Henry Ireland (1775-1835) to whom I. A. Ireland claims to be related.

Irenaeus, Greek theologian, c.130-202

Spanish fabulist, poet and playwright, 1750-1791

Parodi: “la misma fábula, copiada de Iriarte”: alusión a Tomás de Iriarte (1750-1791), poeta español célebre por sus Fábulas literarias (1782), en las que embiste contra escritores de su época.

Argentinian military officer and chronicler (1794- 1876)

here, references to Hipólito Yrigoyen

Argentine politician and educator, 1822-1906

street in Buenos Aires

Fishburn and Hughes: "A street in central Buenos Aires, now part of Avenida Nueve de Julio, known in earlier times as one of the Calles Largas." (26)

Parodi: “Bernardo de Irigoyen y Avenida de Mayo”: una esquina céntrica de Buenos Aires. La calle Bernardo de Irigoyen es una de las que flanquean la Avenida 9 de Julio. La Avenida de Mayo se extiende desde el Congreso Nacional hasta la Plaza de Mayo. Inspirada en los amplios bulevares creados por el barón Haussmann en París, con edificios públicos y comerciales de estilo neoclásico y art-nouveau. Proyectada en 1882 e inaugurada en 1894 tras la demolición de antiguas construcciones, fue centro de las actividades culturales y punto de reunión de la colectividad española.

Kuno Meyer, 1911

magazine founded by Padraic Colum in 1911

One of the pseudonyms of American novelist and short story writer Cornell Woolrich (1903-1968).

Ireland

Fishburn and Hughes: "Ireland (Irlanda) The relationship between Protestants, settled in Ireland by Cromwell in the seventeenth century and regarded by the Irish as colonisers and usurpers, and Catholics, who make up most of the population, has been marked by bitter conflict. Catholics were deprived of civil rights and their lands bestowed on English landlords, who cared little for their tenants. In 1823 the Irish patriot Daniel O'Connell helped found the Catholic Association whose aim was to obtain for Irish Catholics the same political and civil rights as those of Protestants. It was suppressed in 1825. The Theme of the Traitor and the Hero: refers, in general, to the rebellion against the landed gentry which took place at the time, particularly in the rural areas. The potato famine of the 1840s led to a formidable agrarian agitation, supported by a constitutional movement which later became the Land League, headed by Charles Stewart Parnell, through whose influence Gladstone introduced a Land Act in 1881. The movement for Home Rule, i.e. self-government by the Irish, found expression in Ireland and some support in the English Parliament throughout the nineteenth century. In 1922, after bitter conflict, it led to the establishment of an independent Ireland, apart from the six northern counties of Ulster, where the Protestants were in the majority, which remained part of the United Kingdom. The Shape of the Sword: this solution was unacceptable to many Irish northerners, who felt threatened, and to the southerners, who felt that the ideal of the Republic had been betrayed. War broke out between the supporters of the Irish Republic and the government of Ireland to whom the British were providing military equipment. The fighting was particularly brutal between June and August 1922." (98)

Elmer Rice play, 1917

Jack London, novel, 1908.

Phillpotts, short story, published in Peacock House and Other Mysteries (1926).

British general, 1880-1959

city in northern Spain on the French border

US author and diplomat, 1783-1859, author of The Sketch-Book, Legends of the Alhambra and other works

name for Jesus in the Arabian Nights

Colombian writer, 1837-1895, author of María

Elizabeth I , queen of England, 1533-1603, called Gloriana by Spenser

Isabel I de Castilla, 1451-1504; with her husband Fernando de Aragón ruler of united Spain; together they are known as the Reyes Católicos

Isaiah, Biblical prophet

Fishburn and Hughes: "An impassioned Hebrew prophet of the eighth century BC. Isaiah's Messianic predictions embody the ideal of the kingdom of God on earth, pointing to a time of world peace, when the nations 'shall beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning hooks' and 'the wolf also shall dwell with the lamb'. Many of Isaiah's prophecies were interpreted as foreseeing the advent of Jesus. Three Versions of Judas , CF 166: 'For he shall grow before him as a tender plant...': this passage from the Servant's song (53:2-3) foretells the suffering of the Lord's faithful servant. Traditionally these verses have been read as linking the story of the faithful servant Israel to a vision of the incarnation and suffering of Jesus. At the time of the fictional Runeberg's alleged writings (the first decade of the twentieth century) a controversial attempt was made to identify the subject of the prophecy with an historical figure. This could have been the starting point from which Runeberg began to question the identity of the servant as Jesus, transferring the role of the Redeemer to Judas. CF 167: the reference is to Isaiah's prophetic vision of the apocalypse. Exhorting repentance among the people of Israel, Isaiah threatened: 'And they shall go into the hole of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the Lord and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake the terrible earth' (2:19)." (99)

book of Isaiah in the Bible

Phillpotts, poetry, 1912.

Tales of Ise, Japanese collection of tanka poems and narratives, ascribed to the ninth-century author Ariwara no Narihara

castle in Iceland

place mentioned in the Gudrun

Esfahan, city in central Iran

Poem by Hilario Ascasubi

poem about Borges's maternal grandfather, in Cuaderno San Martín

Spanish encyclopaedic writer and Church father, c.560-636

name of compadrito in "El compadre"

Novel by french writer Villiers de l'Isle Adam, 1862.

Fishburn and Hughes: "Iskander, as Alexander the Great was known in Persia, was represented on his coins with two horns. One school of Islamic scholars attributes the allusion in the Koran to Zu'1-Qarnain ('he of two horns') to Alexander, others to a contemporary of Abraham. Borges probably refers to the former. A footnote to Night 464 in the 1885 edition of Burton's translation of the Thousand and One Nights deals with the highly idealised Persian version of Alexander. The two horns, probably symbolising the East and the West, have been variously explained as referring to two protuberances on his head or helmet, or two leeks, or the ram horns of Jupiter Ammon. The footnote in Burton also refers to the legend of Iskander as related in the Sikandar Nama e Bara, or Book of Alexander the Great, by Shaikh Nizami (c.1141-1217), the greatest romantic poet in Persian literature. In Canto XXIII, entitled 'Sikander's Mirror-making', the story is told that 'when Sikander became the key of the world, the mirror by his sword appeared'. Alexander was reputed to have been the first to fashion a mirror, and though at the beginning 'no reflection came truly' it became a 'mirror of philosophy' into which anyone could look and behold the truth. See Gog and Magog." (99)

in Japan

island in Iguazú falls

island across the Paraná from Rosario

poem from Pedro Leandro Ipuche’s Júbilo y miedo

island in Iguazú falls

island in Iguazú Falls

island in Iguazú River

Fishburn and Hughes: "The Arabic word for resignation or surrender (to the will of Allah). Islam was founded in the seventh century by the prophet Mohammed; its principal doctrine is expressed in the Koran. Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius: God the Indivisible: the basic belief of Islam is the absolute unity of God, of Allah (the only God) and the predestination of all things by him. Deutsches Requiem; ‘initial epochs of Islam' evokes a time of religious fervour." (99)

Also known as South Sea Tales. Stevenson collection of short stories, 1893.

Wells novel about vivisectionist, 1896

Iceland, also called Isla Perdida, Thule, Ultima Thule

Niedner, 1913

Britain and Ireland

Pedro Leandro Ipuche’s birthplace

Book of the Icelanders or Libellus Islandorum, Ari Thorgilsson's history of Iceland including a digression on the discovery and settlement of Greenland

Marti poems for his son, 1882

Work by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, 1931.

country

Fishburn and Hughes: "A country in the Middle East. CF 172: also, a term for all the Jewish people, irrespective of their country of origin or residence. As a people, they are bound by their allegiance to the Torah, the holy scripture." (100)

poem by Edgar Allan Poe

William Hervey Allen study of Poe, 1926.

character in Bustos Domecq story

Parodi:  "'del viejo Issota': automóvil de la marca italiana Issota−Fraschini, que desde principios del siglo xx hasta 1949 produjo coches deportivos de gran lujo y alta tecnología" (48).

Romanian writer, 1884-1935

John Dickson Carr novel, 1930

Graham Greene, novel, 1934.

Ithaca, island in Adriatic ruled by Odysseus

Italy

plaza in Palermo section of Buenos Aires, next to zoo and botanical garden

Roman town in Spain, near Seville

Supposed history book by Formento

Giraldus Cambrensis medieval history of Wales

(1738-1822) Jesuit priest and writer. While living in Argentina, he was expelled from spanish territories by Carlos III in 1767. 

town in the province of Corrientes, Argentina, site of a battle in 1827 in which Argentine and Uruguayan forces defeated the Brazilians

Fishburn and Hughes: "A battle fought in the province of Corrientes on 20 February 1827 between the Brazilian army and the combined forces of the Argentine Republic and Uruguay, led by Carlos María de Alvear. The Brazilians were defeated, and the war ended soon after." (100)

Swinburne poem in Poems and Ballads, 1866

Tarich film, 1926

Ivan IV, Russian tsar, 1530-1584

Parodi: Iván IV Vasílievich (1530−1584), zar de Rusia entre 1547 y 1584; es considerado uno de los creadores del Estado ruso.

Walter Scott novel, 1819

Village near Kharkiv, Ukarine, Russian Empire. Elías Metchnikoff place of birth.

Title of a tango song

Argentinian translator and Silvina Ocampo's secretary. 

Arabian historian cited in the Arabian Nights

mythical king of Thessaly

Fishburn and Hughes: "A character in Greek mythology who was pardoned by Zeus for killing his father-in-law and taken up into heaven. When he tried to violate Hera, however, he was condemned to remain tied to a revolving wheel." (100)

Druse character in Bustos Domecq story

town in Japan