R. U. R.
Capek play about robots, 1921
Capek play about robots, 1921
Egyptian sun god
character in Bustos Domecq story
English abridgement of a German work by Johann Andreas Eisenmenger, with a prefatory study by John Peter Stehelin, 1748
French writer and physician, c. 1490-1533, author of Gargantua and Pantagruel
Prussian spy in Borges story, also known as Viktor Runeberg; perhaps kin to the German satirist Gottlieb Wilhelm Rabener, 1714-1771
Leonhard Frank novel, 1914
owner of Grandes Sastrerías Inglesas Rabuffi, in Bustos Domecq story
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French writer, pseud. of Marguerite Vallette-Eymery, 1860-1953
French dramatist, 1639-99, author of Phèdre, Andromaque and other works
English pirate captain, c. 1682-1720, known as Calico Jack
Argentine poet, critic and editor, author of Hombre callado, editor of Correspondencia and co-editor of anthology La novísima poesía argentina, 1931
Rhadamanthus, in Greek mythology one of the judges in Hades
Indian philosopher, 1888-1975
Parodi: una de las emisoras de radio que podían sintonizarse en la época.
Martínez Estrada book on Argentine culture, 1933
king of the Angles, mentioned by Venerable Bede
Rafaello Sanzio, Italian painter and architect, 1483-1520
US actor, 1895-1980
French writer, author of Le Métier de vivre and Sens unique
of Aceite Raggio, in Bustos Domecq story
Scandinavian myth of the twilight of the gods
Viking hero of Icelandic saga
Icelandic saga, c. 1100
hotel in Suárez Lynch novella
Gautama Buddha's son
island mentioned in Lane translation of Arabian Nights, perhaps Borneo
French writer, translator of Faulkner
D. H. Lawrence novel, 1915
British character actor, 1889-1967
Antero de Quental poems, 1892
Fernández Moreno
Ralegh, English soldier, explorer, courtier and man of letters, 1552-1618
English scholar, poet and author (1861-1922).
Gernsback science fiction novel, 1950
hero of Ramayana
Hindu religious leader, devoted to Vishnu, 1017-1137
Hindu sacred book
Italian commentator on Dante, d. 1390, author of Comentum super Dantis Aligherii Comediam
the boardwalk in Necochea
composer of waltzes including Vals Boston
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
friend of Borges, Hugo Rodríguez Moroni in some editions
Argentine caudillo, 1786-1821, governor of Entre Ríos
Argentine general and politician, 1884-1962
João de Deus book of poems, 1869, here called Camino de flores
town in western Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: A part of Buenos Aires in which the rich had weekend houses containing an English colony It is now an industrial suburb. Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius; The Gospel According to Mark
Argentinian Historian. Author of Historia de la Nación Argentina.
Argentine historian and psychiatrist, 1849-1914, author of Rosas y su tiempo
Swiss writer, 1878-1947
Icelandic sea goddess
Camba humorous articles, 1920
character in Bustos Domecq story
Silva Valdés poem
Langon, former name of capital of Burma or Myanmar
German editor and translator of Eddas
German historian, 1795-1886
printer mentioned in Bustos Domecq story
character in C. S. Lewis's Perelandra
US poet, critic and editor, 1888-1974
town near Genoa, Italy
Cocteau, 1926.
US film director, 1898-1999, director of The Now Voyager
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
Rashidu'd-Din Fadlu'llah, Persian vizier and historian, d. 1318, author of the Jami'u't- Tawarikh, a history of the Mongols which also includes summaries of the history of India, China and Europe
Akutagawa story, later adapted as a film by Kurosawa
main character in Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment
Fishburn and Hughes: The protagonist of Dostoievsky's novel Crime and Punishment (1866): a poor student in love with Sonia, a prostitute, who becomes the means of his spiritual regeneration. The crime of the title is the murder of an old woman, a repulsive money-lender; the punishment is the gradual racking of his conscience. In part 5, chapter 4 Raskolnikov confesses his crime to Sonia, saying that he committed it as a test of his daring because he wanted to become a Napoleon. Deutsches Requiem
section of Sarmiento's Facundo
Work by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, 1915.
Bianco novella, 1944
British playwright
Lenormand play, 1920
Organization founded in the United Kingdon in 1885 by a group of free thinkers. It was originally called the Rationalist Press Association. In 2002 it chaged its name and it currently publishes a bi-monthly magazine, the New Humanist.
Lovecraft story
Argentine poet, 1903-1992, president of the SADE (Sociedad Argentina de Escritores) in the 1970s
character in Wells's The Brothers
German translation of classical Chinese novel
Friedrich Rauch, German soldier and Indian fighter in Argentina, 1790-1829
Abba ben Joseph bar Hama, rabbi, 270-350, mentioned in Talmud
Poe’s collection of poems, 1845.
Poe poem, 1845
Ravenna, city in Italy near Venice
Fishburn and Hughes: A city in northern Italy 100 km south of Venice which in Roman times was a port and is now connected to the Adriatic by a four-mile canal. Ravenna was made the capital of the Western Empire by the Emperor Honorius in 402; it was conquered by Justinian's general Belisarius in 540 and became the seat of the governors of Byzantine Italy. The poet Dante spent a large part of his exile in Ravenna and was buried there. In 728 the Lombard king Luitprand took and destroyed Ravenna's suburb Classis. In 752 his successor Aistulf entered and sacked the city but, overcome by its beauty, spared its monuments. Story of the Warrior and the Captive Maiden
Cortázar, 1963.
Francisco Espínola stories, 1933
Silvina Ocampo’s short story published in La Furia (1959).
goddess Reason during French Revolution
Buenos Aires afternoon newspaper
Uruguayan newspaper
character in Conrad's Under Western Eyes
Fishburn and Hughes: The protagonist of Under Western Eyes (1911), a novel by Joseph Conrad. As in Lord Jim, the theme is cowardice and the story centres on the duplicity of the main character, who meets his just deserts. During his students days in St Petersburg Kirylo Sidorovitch Razumov has betrayed to the police the revolutionary Victor Haldin who took refuge in his lodgings. Sent to Geneva as a police agent to check on Haldin's contacts, he is welcomed as a fellowrevolutionary by Haldin's family and friends in exile. He succeeds in keeping up appearances until, weighed down by the guilt of his betrayal and shamed by the innocence of Haldin's sister, Natalia, and the undeserved trust and affection he is receiving, he confesses his treachery. To punish him, one of Haldin's comrades bursts his eardrums; the deaf Razumov is run over by a tram and remains permanently crippled. The Other Death
Uruguayan folk and tango musician, 1887-1960, best known for his work in collaboration with Carlos Gardel
English pirate, c. 1690-c. 1714
Spanish Academy, founded in 1713, which publishes the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española and the Gramática de la Real Academia Española (among other things)
Liddell Hart book, 1930, later republished as A History of the World War (1914-1918)
knife-fighter, character in Borges stories
knife-fighter
Santayana book, part of The Realms of Being, 1927-40
Santayana book, part of The Realms of Being, 1927-40
Santayana book, part of The Realms of Being, 1927-40
scene designer
Santayana, 1903
Santayana, first volume of The Life of Reason
Santayana, third volume of The Life of Reason
Santayana, fifth volume of The Life of Reason, 1906
Santayana, second volume of The Life of Reason, 1905-06
French writer (1619-1692) known for his Historiettes.
Last name of a commission agent of whom one of the characters (Molineros) expected to get some discount (in Spanish: “rebaja”, cf. the play on words). (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)
French writer, author of Un Grand precurseur des romantiques, Ramond, M. Bainville contre l'histoire de France, Notes sur la morale d'une "annonciatrice," and other works
Fishburn and Hughes: Perhaps ar oblique allusion to the writer Jean Reboul (1796-1864) who came from Nîmes, where he was known as 'the baker of Nîmes'. Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote
Bonfanti
Puga y Calsanz
character in Borges story
Clodomiro Ruiz's first book
Balzac philosophical novel, 1834
German publisher, 1807-1896, editor of the Universalbibliothek
cemetery in Buenos Aires, also the name of the surrounding neighborhood
street in central Buenos Aires
old arched building in the center of Buenos Aires, destroyed in the building of the Plaza de Mayo
Reyes essay in Reloj de sol
Horacio Eduardo Rosales book of poems, 1966, written at age nine
Sarmiento autobiography, 1850
Novel by Elena Garro (1963).
Baron de la Roche poem
Baudelaire sonnet, 1861
Crane novel, 1895
river in Michigan
Hammett novel, 1929
character in Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass
"repetida viuda," widow of several gangsters
Heinlein science fiction, 1949
Steinbeck short novel, 1937
Phillpotts novel, 1922
river in Louisiana
Fichte nationalist treatise, 1808
Buber, 1910
Excerpt from de Indian Antiquary 1, 1872.
designer
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Refr Gestsson, 11th century Icelandic poet, son of Steinunn
Ascasubi poem in Paulino Lucero
Spanish avant garde magazine edited by José de Ciria y Escalante, 1920
Marcus Aurelius autobiography written in Greek, Τὰ εἰς ἑαυτόν, English title Meditations
Lugones book on Argentine school reform, 1903
Argentine poet and writer, 1899-1957
Lugones poem in Romances del Río Seco
city in Bavaria in Germany, ancient Ratisbona
character in the Volsunga Saga
pseudonym of José Maria dos Reis Pereira, Portuguese writer, 1901-1969
French symbolist poet, 1864-1936
Uruguayan physician, poet and playwright, 1860-1929, author of El gaucho and La tapera
Fishburn and Hughes: A song-writer from the province of Entre Ríos who combined the aggressive spirit of the montoneros with a vein of sweet sentimentality or, to use Borges's words, 'united the ornamental with the heartless - like the tiger' (Ev. Carr. 35). The Encounter
Julien Benda memoirs, 1937
Marcus Atilius Regulus, Roman general in the First Punic War who sacrificed himself to the Carthaginians for the sake of Rome, d. c.250 B.C.
C. S. Lewis book, 1939
seat of German government in Berlin
German editor and translator, mentioned here à propos of his edition of Jean Paul's Traumdichtungen
Reykjavik, capital city of Iceland
Mehring treatise on rhyme, 1891
city in northern France
Russian-Argentine physician, friend of Alberto Gerchunoff's
four brothers, Jose Vicente, 1782-1837, Francisco Isidoro, 1796-1840, Jose Antonio, 1798-1837 and Guillermo, 1799-1837, Argentine caudillos in Córdoba in the time of Rosas and Facundo Quiroga
Austrian-born US film director and actor, 1873-1943
underworld
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
author of a book on Anatole France published in Buenos Aires in 1944
Jubilate Agno, Christopher Smart poem used by Benjamin Britten as the text for a festival cantata
Hsi Yu Chi, Wu Ch´eng-en's Journey to the West or Monkey, classical Chinese novel, 1590s
Murena’s book of poetry, 1962.
Defoe, 1706
popular book about Einstein, by author who signed with initials C. W. W., published by the Technical Press in London in 1937
Kafka anthology
Browne work on religion, science and philosophy, 1642
Koeppen, 1857
Vandier study (with Henri-Charles Puech and René Dussaud), 1944
Kant's Religion within the Boundaries of Pure Reason, 1793-94
George Bernard Shaw speeches, edited in 1965 by Warren Sylvester Smith
Percy anthology of ballads and other poems, 1765
Eça de Queiroz satirical novel about Catholicism, 1887
Antonio Guevara, 1529
Reyes book of short essays, 1926, the fifth series of Simpatías y diferencias
German novelist, 1897-1970, author of Im Westen nichts Neues
Dutch painter and engraver, 1606-69
Fishburn and Hughes: A Dutch painter, born at Leyden, renowned for his versatile portraiture. In his search for realism, Rembrandt made dramatic use of light and shade to emphasise the shape and movement of the human form and contrasts in the landscape. The Duel
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Remus, in Roman legend, twin brother of Romulus
fabulous fish mentioned by Pliny
Borges poem in Fervor de Buenos Aires, 1923
Borges poem in Luna de enfrente
French philosopher and writer, 1823-1892, author of Averroes et l'Averroisme, Vie de Jesus, Les Origines du Christianisme and numerous other works
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French writer, 1864-1910, author of Poil de Carotte, a Journal and other works
Short Story written by Roberto Artl. Early version of "Judas Iscarioti", the fourth part of El juguete rabioso.
French painter, 1841-1919
French philosopher, 1815-1903, author of Essais de critique générale, Les dilemmes de la métaphysique pure, Histoire et solution des problèmes métaphysiques and other works
soccer player, character in Bustos Domecq story
thug in Buenos Aires
half-owner of the Hotel El Nuevo Imparcial in Bustos Domecq and Suárez Lynch
highway in Bustos Domecq story
“se parecía un poco a Repetto, pero con barba”. This last name evokes an important figure of the period; Nicolás Repetto (1871-1965) was a politician, a doctor and one of the most relevant leaderships of the Socialist Party. He was a representative and a candidate to the Vice-Presidency. In 1946, he was associated with Spruille Braden in the Unión Democrática created against President Perón. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)
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Descanso de la tripulación, Joseph Kessel novel, 1935
Elvira de Alvear book
Lugones, section of Las montañas de oro
Emerson essays on Plato, Swedenborg, Montaigne, Shakespeare, Napoleon and Goethe, 1850
US artist, poet and writer, 1895-1990, author of Zen Flesh, Zen Bones
Plato dialogue on political philosophy
Fishburn and Hughes: Plato's most famous dialogue. Beginning as a discussion of the nature of justice, the Republic develops into a description of the perfect state. It is thus the earliest Utopia. The Platonic model refers to Plato's famous theory of 'forms' discussed in books 5-8, according to which there are two levels of reality, the higher level of 'forms' (or ideas) and the lower level of 'images' (or likenesses). The 'form', made by God, has an absolute existence independent of our minds, whereas its particular appearance or manifestation of it in the world, being an imperfect copy and subject to change, has inferior status. Plato does not say that the appearance is unreal: since it is a copy of a form it can partake of its reality, but it can never be fully identified with it. Differentiating between 'knowledge' and 'opinion', Plato asserts that the philosopher who is in love with truth may have knowledge of a form, since it is changeless and divine, but only 'opinion' of the changing world of appearance and sensation. This distinction gains particular relevance in its application to the Koran. Averroës’ Search
book by Gustavo Thorlichen
Dominican Republic
family in Balvanera neighborhood
character in Bustos Domecq story
grill in Suárez Lynch novella
Stevenson poem that later served as his epitaph
Faulkner, novel, 1951.
Georges Simenon novel, 1938
Carriego poem in Las misas herejes
city on the Paraná River in northern Argentina, capital of Chaco province
González Lanuza poem
Darío poem in Prosas profanas, 1896
According to Cuentos breves y extraordinarios excerpt from chapter XXIX from the Ta'anit.
Fernando Namora memoir, 1949 and 1963
train station in Buenos Aires and the surrounding neighborhood
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ranch
Aristotle's Rhetoric
Fishburn and Hughes: A treatise by Aristotle dealing with the various aspects of oratory and setting out its functions and methods. In the Rhetoric Aristotle compares the activity of a good speaker to a theatrical performance, using terms such as 'acting' and 'stage' as well as 'tragedy' and 'comedy', whose meaning eludes Averroes. Book 3, referred to by Borges, deals specifically with delivery. In chapter 1, 'The Parts of Rhetoric', Aristotle states that 'even writers of tragedy... have abandoned all those terms which are foreign to the style of conversation' (1404a, 30-5). In the same chapter, referring to the art of delivery, he writes that it 'was long before it found a place in tragic drama', adding that at first poets 'acted their own tragedies' (1403a, 20-5). Chapter 3, 'Frigidity of Style', points to the use of inappropriate metaphors by 'writers of comedy, because they are ridiculous' (1406b,5-10). Finally, chapter 14, 'Exordia', advises that the start of a speech should be 'equivalent to the opening scenes of plays' where 'the commencement is an intimation of the subject' (1415a, 5-10), and concludes by addressing the orator in theatrical terms: 'Bring yourself on the stage from the first in the right character...' (1417b,7). Averroës’ Search
Gerchunoff essay on Cervantes, 1951
López Velarde poem
Jean François Paul de Gondi, 1613-1679, archbishop of Paris
Baudelaire poem
Revelation of St. John in the Bible, sometimes called Apocalipsis
Baldomero Fernández Moreno poem
French poet, 1889-1960, associated with cubism and surrealism
periodical published in Buenos Aires, 1868-1872, 1880-1882
Mexican literary magazine of the modernist movement, 1894-1896, edited by Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera
Journal published by Universidad de Buenos Aires
Spanish literary review, founded by Ortega y Gasset in 1923
magazine edited by Hilario Ascasubi and José Arenales
Buenos Aires periodical, 1871-1877, to which José Hernández was a contributor
Play by Villiers de l'Isle Adam, 1870.
Fishburn and Hughes: A rebellion against President Juárez Celman in July and August 1890. The rebels, mainly lawyers, students and recent immigrants, were protesting against the oligarchy of landowners who controlled the government and its inflationary policies. The rebellion was planned by the 'Unión Cívica' under Leandro Alem and supported by Mitre and the clergy. After two days the rebels ran out of ammunition and asked for an armistice and a general amnesty, which were granted. After a few days Celman resigned; his successor, however, was from his own party and followed the same policies. The Elderly Lady
French scholar of Japanese literature, 1867-1947
periodical published in Paris, 1922-1932, previously Le Bulletin de l'Amérique Latine, 1910-1922
French literary magazine published in Montpellier since 1870 in which Pierre Menard published several articles in 1909
Fishburn and Hughes: A literary review published from 1870 to 1945 in Montpellier, and, at intervals, in Paris, by the Société pour l'Etude des Langues Romanes. Borges refers to two separate issues, one of October and one of December 1909, but there seems to have been only one issue that year, covering May to December; it contained specialist articles such as 'Notes sur Ie vocabulaire de Maupassant et de Merimée' by A. Schiuz, but no debate on the 'metric laws of French prose'. Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote
French periodical in the 1920s and 1930s
Geneva periodical in the early twentieth century, often cited for an Ernest Ansermet article on jazz in 1919
periodical edited by Lugones in Paris, 1911-1914
king of the dead in Buddhism
Ecuadorean historian, author of Campaña del Ecuador
Farid ud-din Attar
in the Bible, the two books of Kings, sometimes also the two books of Samuel
Fernando II de Aragon, 1452-1516, and Isabel I de Castilla, 1451-1504
Mexican man of letters and diplomat, 1889-1959, author of Reloj de sol, Visión de Anáhuac, Capítulos de literatura española, Simpatías y diferencias, El suicida and numerous other works
Fishburn and Hughes: A Mexican poet and essayist who was ambassador to Buenos Aires 1927-30 and 1936-7. Reyes was a long-standing friend of Borges, who considered him his master in matters of style and often paid tribute to him. As a poet he participated in the 1920s modernist movement in Latin America. Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
Cortázar, poetry, 1949.
Chilean writer, 1889-1970, who participated in the first Proa; mentioned in Inquisiciones for his 1923 book of poems Barco ebrio
place in Iceland, residence of Snorri Sturluson
Uruguayan novelist, 1868-1936, author of El embrujo de Sevilla and numerous other works
Fishburn and Hughes: A Uruguyan writer interested in rural life. Reyles was influenced by contemporary scientific and psychological theories and his books often dwelt on the effects of human and animal inbreeding in isolated environments. The assertion that Reyles's son told Borges the story upon which he based 'The Other Duel' is correct. The Other Duel
son of the novelist
English progressive writer, 1905-1958, co-editor of Prison Anthology, 1938
town in Calabria in northern Spain, mentioned in poem by Baldomero Fernández Moreno
a poultry farmer in a Bustos Domecq story
António Benedito de Castro, Portuguese nobleman, friend of Eça de Queiroz
Rhine River
state in United States
pseudonym of Cecil Street, British officer and writer of crime fiction, 1884-1965
British scholar, 1843-1922, author of Buddhist India and Dialogues of the Buddha
British author, 1859-1946, the founding editor of Everyman's Library
small river which flows into the River Plate at Buenos Aires, at La Boca
Fishburn and Hughes: A shallow stream marking the southern boundary between the city of Buenos Aires and Greater Buenos Aires. It was the site of the first foundation of the city in 1536 before the early Spanish settlers moved up-river to Paraguay. For many years the mouth of the Riachuelo served as a second port, attracting nascent industries and a large immigrant population, which lived in crowded and unsanitary conditions. Juan Muraña
Nickname of Fingermann´s sister. Fingermann is the Jewish character of the story. The sound of the name plays with the Jewish pronunciation of the name “Rebeca”. (Character mentioned in Suárez Lynch novella.)
Portuguese writer, 1885-1963, author of Terras do Demo
Portuguese writer, 1482-1552, author of Menina e moça
Tomás Antonio Ribeiro Ferreira, Portuguese poet, politician and journalist, 1831-1901
street in Buenos Aires near the River Plate, perhaps the present street 25 de mayo
doctor in Borges story
Spanish painter, 1591-1652, here mistakenly spelled Riera
British soldier mentioned in Chesterton's poem Lepanto
study by Giovanni Previtali, 1963
Richard the Third, king of England, 1452-1485, subject of a Shakespeare play
Richard the First, the Lion-Hearted, king of England, 1157-99
British political economist, 1772-1823
Italian publisher, b. 1931, publisher of FMR
Italian Jesuit missionary to China, 1552-1610, author of theological and polemical works in Chinese
US playwright, pseud. of Elmer L. Reizenstein, 1892-1967
Arnold Bennett, 1923
Baptist minister and translator from the Chinese, 1845-1919
friend of T. E. Lawrence from university days, 1886-1968, author of Portrait of T. E. Lawrence
English actor, 1902-83
English novelist, 1689-1761, author of Pamela, Clarissa and The History of Sir Charles Grandison
Belloc, 1929
Armand Jean du Plessie de Richelieu, French clergyman and political figure, 1585-1642
French poet, novelist and dramatist, 1849-1926
park in London
German physician who argued for extraterrestrial origin of life, the panspermia theory, author of Der Darwinische Lehre, 1865
German novelist usually called Jean Paul, 1763-1825, author of Hesperus and other works
British critic, 1866-1931, author of Oscar Wilde, Recollections, 1932
Synge short play, 1904
US writer, 1901-91
German mathematician, 1826-66
Roman popular leader, c. 1313-1354
soldier in the Trojan War, character in the Aeneid and Paradiso
mountains where the hippogriff comes from
one of the four sacred Vedic books of the Hindus
character in Bustos Domecq, "el hombre torpedo"
actor
Verdi opera, 1851
character in Verdi opera of the same name
the Lay of Rig, in a manuscript of the Prose Edda
Maurice Betz collection and translation, 1937
Austrian poet and novelist, born in Prague, 1875-1926, author of Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, Duineser Elegien, Sonette an Orpheus and other works
a long didactic poem by Pedro López de Ayala, c. 1380
Roland de Renéville, 1929
French poet, 1854-91, author of Une Saison en enfer, Les Illuminations, Le Bateau Ivre and other works
town in Italy
ranch belonging to Adolfo Bioy Casares in Pardo, Partido de Las Flores, Province of Buenos Aires
Cervantes exemplary novel
Browning long poem, 1868-69
Wagner cycle of operas, 1848-74
former capital of Brazil
Cunninghame Graham stories in Spanish translation, 1914
the Rajatarangini or River of Kings, a Sanskrit chronicle of the kings of Kashmir by Kalana, 1148 A.D.
one of the marvels of the realm of Prester John
verse in Cansinos-Asséns poem Crepúsculo
state in southern Brazil
Fishburn and Hughes: The southernmost state of Brazil bordering Argentina and Uruguay. An area characterised by smuggling and contacts with neighbouring countries, its prosperity was largely due to the progressive agricultural methods introduced by European immigrants. Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius; The Shape of the Sword
hot springs area in Santiago del Estero
Fishburn and Hughes: A river in Uruguay which crosses the country from north east to south west; also the name of a department in western Uruguay on the river, on the opposite side of the Argentinian province of Entre Ríos, the capital of which is Fray Bentos. Funes, His Memory: the reference is to the uprising of Quebracho in 1886. The Other Death; before the fighting between the Blancos and Colorados in 1904 Saravia was south of Río Negro, keeping watch over a government battalion which had been posted there. Funes, His Memory; The Other Death
port town near La Plata in the province of Buenos Aires
Department of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina.
town in Argentina near Córdoba
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street in Buenos Aires, named for city in Ecuador
Argentine province
a knife-fighter in Buenos Aires
Argentine painter, 1874-1968
Spanish conquistador (s. XVI)
Garfias haiku
Saki’s work, 1900.
Uruguayan writer and diplomat, 1904-1981, author of Arquitecturas del insomnio: cuentos fantásticos
projected book of Borges's ultraísta poems, never published, also called Himnos rojos or Salmos rojos
German Protestant theologian, 1822-1889
German philosopher, 1791-1869, co-author with Ludwig Preller of Historia philosophiae graecae et romanae ex fontium locis contexta
German geographer, 1779-1859, author of Die Erdkunde
Fishburn and Hughes: A German geographer and professor of history at the University of Frankfurt, author of Die Erdkunde im Verhältnis zur Natur und Geschichte des Menschen (Geography and the Study of Nature and History of Mankind). Ritter is regarded as the father of modern geography. There are two editions of his monumental work (1817-18, revised 1822), which has remained incomplete. The book presents the topography of a country as a leading element in its historic development. Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
Dürer engraving
Spanish publisher, 1805-1872, founder and editor of the Biblioteca de Autores Españoles
street in Buenos Aires that marks the division between the northern and southern parts of the city
Fishburn and Hughes: Named after the nation’s first president, the longest street in Buenos Aires, dividing the city into north and south. All the intersecting streets change their name as they cross it. The Writing of the God
tomb of and monument to Bernardino Rivadavia in the Plaza Miserere, by the Once train station in Buenos Aires
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hospital in Buenos Aires
gambler mentioned in Bustos Domecq story
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character in Borges story
Spanish poet and critic, 1893-1960, brother of José Rivas Panedas
Spanish poet, 1898-1944
city in Uruguay on the Brazilian border, adjoining Sant'Anna do Livramento
street in Buenos Aires, now called Córdoba
Argentine poet and political writer, 1814-1844, author of Tablas de sangre
Mexican painter, 1886-1957
Uruguayan general and politician, 1788-1854
Mediterranean coast of France and Italy
neighborhood in New York City, site of a gang battle involving Monk Eastman
character in Radclyffe Hall's The Sixth Beatitude
Whale film, 1937
Frost poem
Agatha Christie, poetry, 1925.
Padraic Colum, 1926
Ellis study of death in Old Norse literature, 1943
Camino a Mandalay, Kipling poem
Lowes book on Coleridge's Kubla Khan, 1927
Aldington stories, 1930
the Lost Colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in North Carolina
Untermeyer poems, 1923
Chesterton study, 1905
Walter Raleigh essay, 1895.
Chesterton study, 1927
character in Bustos Domecq story
English writer, 1892-1976, author of Twenty-Six Poems, 1917, here the author of a review of The Approach to Al-Mutasim
Fishburn and Hughes: An English writer, author of poems, plays and novels set largely in the 1920s. He was reputed for his 'special gift for easy-going, light-hearted romance'. The Approach to Al-Mu’tasim
English divine, 1816-1853, author of five volumes of sermons and an Analysis of Tennyson's In Memoriam
Fishburn and Hughes: Probably an allusion to the theologian Frederick William Robertson (1816-1853). After his ordination Robertson developed a form of asceticism so severe that it endangered his life. Haunted by innumerable doubts, he clung devoutly to the one principle of the 'unequalled nobleness of the humanity of the Son of God'. Three Versions of Judas
British journalist and politician, 1856-1933
British merchant, traveller and writer on Argentina and Paraguay, 1792-1843
Scottish churchman and historian, 1721-1793, author of histories of Scotland and the English colonies in America
US actor and singer, 1898-1976
Belloc, 1928
French revolutionary leader, 1758-1794
legendary hero of 12th century England
Defoe romance, 1719
Fishburn and Hughes: The protagonist of Defoe's adventure story Robinson Crusoe (1719). The allusion to the footprint refers to the horror and fear felt by Crusoe as he realises that the island on which he has been shipwrecked is inhabited. Fear shatters his faith in God. At first he thinks the footsteps may be Satan's; then that they belong to someone even more dangerous, such as a savage; and ultimately that they may be his own. In the end his faith prevails and he prays to God and 'was no more sad - at least, not on that occasion'. The Approach to Al-Mu’tasim
US poet, 1869-1935
fabulous bird in the Arabian Nights and other texts
Lugones biography of Julio A. Roca, 1938
here, a mistake that Borges notices in a French dictionary which meant to refer to Julio A. Roca
Argentine general and president, 1843-1914, leader of the "Conquest of the Desert"
Spanish chemist (1873-1941)
Argentine politician and writer, 1838-1921
Don Quijote's horse
Eliot verse play, 1934
here a reference to the Rockefeller Foundation
Rhone river
island of Rhodes in the Aegean
French sculptor, 1840-1917
Conan Doyle, novel, 1896.
Uruguayan essayist, 1871-1917, author of Ariel and Motivos de Proteo
place mentioned in the Orlando Furioso
Visigothic king of Spain at the time of the Moorish invasion in 711
Spanish literary scholar, 1855-1943
Uruguayan scholar, 1921-1985, author of Jorge Luis Borges: A Literary Biography and many other works
Fishburn and Hughes: A Uruguayan literary critic, a friend of Borges and the author of Jorge Luis Borges: A Literary Biography of Borges (1978), the best biography to date. Between 1966 and 1968 Monegal edited the journal Mundo Nuevo in Paris. He also edited the two-volume Borzoi Anthology of Latin American Literature. The Other Death
Spanish writer, 1848-1922, author of a Diccionario completo de la lengua española, Cría de gansos, Estudio de tecnología, Pedagogía social and other works
street in Buenos Aires
Greco tango celebrating the dance hall "Salón San Martín" on Rodríguez Peña street
knife-fighter in Buenos Aires
baron, character in Jaromir Hladík's Los enemigos, name based on that of town in the Czech Republic now known as Rymarov
"Beautiful Cigar Girl," murder victim, 1820-1841, model for Poe's Marie Rogêt
English poet, 1763-1855, author of a volume of Recollections
character in Poe story
seems to refer to Ari Thorgilsson, Icelandic writer, b. 1067, co-author with Hallr Thorarinsson of the Hattalykill or Aettartala
Hugh Walpole novel, 1930, a chronicle of the Herries family, first of a four volume series that culminates in Vanessa, 1933
Wilkie Collins
Argentine writer, 1893-?
German author, author of Argentinien, 1937, and of Die La Plata Länder: Argentinien, Paraguay, Uruguay, 1963
German literary scholar, 1885-?, responsible for lamentable second edition of Vilmar's history of German literature
town in the province of Buenos Aires near Pergamino
Fishburn and Hughes: A small town in the southern province of Buenos Aires south of Pergamino. The incident alluded to figures obliquely in Martín Fierro (pt 1, canto VIII, 11.1265-1318). A Biography of Tadeo Isidoro Cruz (1829-1874)
Argentine poet and essayist, 1896-1956, author of La metáfora y el mundo, El perfil de nuestra expresión and other works
Argentine poet, at some point a director of propaganda for the Argentine army
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
Spanish writer, c. 1465-1541, author of the Celestina
Argentine literary historian, critic and poet, 1882-1957, author of Historia de la literatura argentina and numerous other works
Red Sea
Konrad's Middle High German translation of the Chanson de Roland
Argentine poet, dramatist and orator, 1873-1922
leader of Norse invaders of Normandy
French poet and essayist, 1903-1962
French writer, 1866-1955, known for writings on pacifism and Indian philosophy
Rome, capital of Italy, here sometimes "la Ciudad de los Césares," "Romeburg" and so on
Fishburn and Hughes: The saying 'All roads lead to Rome', based on the transport system of the Roman Empire, can be taken to mean that all avenues of thought eventually lead back to their original source. In its literary sense the saying later became true of the Catholic world, whose centre is the Vatican. Death and the Compass
French poet and writer, pseudonym of Louis Henri Jean Farigoule, 1885-1972
French allegorical romance in two parts: first part, c.1240, by Guillaume de Lorris; second part, c.1280, by Jean de Meung
Queen mystery, 1930
Laurence Echard, 1696
Argentine writer and journalist, 1908-1981
Maurice Abramowicz prose piece
Alonso Lopez e Bayão, 15th century
Lugones poem in Romancero
Book written by Vicente Rossi in 1944
Lugones poem in Romancero
traditional Spanish ballads
Lugones book of poems, 1924
Spanish ballads
Spanish ballads about the Cid
Spanish ballads with Moorish themes
Lugones posthumous book of poems, 1938
Jacques Chardonne, 1937
perhaps refers to Pliny's Naturalis historia
Paul's Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament
Mowat, 1935
Lugones poem in Los crepúsculos del jardín
Lugones series of poems in Las horas doradas
Heine book of poems, 1851
Argentine police officer and historian, co-author of the Diccionario histórico argentino, author of histories of Chascomús, Monserrat and of the Argentine police
Anglo-Saxon name for Rome. See Roma
character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Shakespeare tragedy, c. 1595
author of article on Mach in Proa
Argentine historian, 1909-77
a gunfighter mentioned in popular verses
Romulus, in Roman legend, the founder of Rome and twin brother of Remus
town in northern Spain in which Charlemagne was defeated and Roland lost his life
co-editor of El tema del tango en la la literatura argentina, 1969
town in southern Spain
Argentine general and politician, 1773-1844
French poet, 1524?-1585
Virginia Woolf essay on women's intellectual work, translated by Borges
Forster novel set in Florence, 1908
US political leader, 1884-1962
U. S. president, 1882-1945
U. S. president, 1858-1919
Emil Ludwig, 1938
fabulous animal of North America
Argentine merchant ship on which Ascasubi worked in 1819
Hauptmann play, 1903
Zorrilla, 1857.
Gerardo Diego poem
the canonical book of Hakim, "al-Moqanna," the Veiled Prophet of Khorasan
Borges book of poetry, 1975.
Borges poem in El otro, el mismo
Portuguese writer and painter, b. 1924, here surnamed Roa by mistake
Fishburn and Hughes: A secret society, named after the emblems of the rose and the cross, which were taken to be symbols of Jesus's resurrection and redemption. Its practices were based on ancient occult beliefs. In the seventeenth century two anonymous books in Germany told the story of a fictitious Christian, Rosencrutz, and of the society he founded. Now generally believed to be by Johannes Valentinus Andreä, they aroused the curiosity of many eminent men, such as Spinoza and Descartes, who tried to meet members of the society. In time societies were actually founded and Rosicrucianism spread to London and later to Vienna, Russia and Poland. Its history seems to provide a perfect example of a Tlönian hrön - an idea which, when believed, materialises. Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
Argentine poet whose book Los recuerdos de la tierra, published at age nine, had a preface by Borges
Spanish poet and literary critic, 1910-1992
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
Rosalind, character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
second city of Argentina, in province of Santa Fe
Unamuno sonnet sequence
Book written by the general officer Tomás de Iriarte
Ramos Mejía historical study, 1907
Juan Pablo Echagüe historical play
Argentine general and politician, governor of Buenos Aires and dictator of the Argentine confederation, 1793-1877, sometimes spelled Rozas, also known as "Héroe del Desierto" and "Restaurador de las Leyes"
Fishburn and Hughes: The governor of the province of Buenos Aires from 1829 to 1831 and dictator of Argentina for almost two decades (1835-52). Although he fought as champion of the Federalist cause, presenting himself as a self-styled gaucho and drawing much of his popularity from the gauchos, Rosas came from an old-established Spanish family whose fortune he multiplied to become the richest landowner in the country. As such, his interest was to pacify and eventually to unify Argentina in order to establish an export-oriented, land-based economy. To this end he began a reign of terror. He killed or exiled most prominent members of the Unitarian party and ruled at home with the help of his private army, the Mazorca. Having silenced opposition from the Unitarians, he systematically attacked other Federalist caudillos, until he was left to rule supreme. Eventually he was brought down by his staunchest supporter, the Federalist general Urquiza, who, in alliance with Brazilian and Uruguayan forces, defeated him at the battle of Caseros (1852). At his downfall his arch-opponent Sarmiento dubbed him the 'Unitarian' Rosas, meaning that through his ruthless campaign of dictatorial self-aggrandisement he had achieved the Unitarian aim of putting an end to civil war and uniting the country under one banner. Rosas was exiled to England and died in Southampton. Borges, who shared an ancestor with Rosas through his great-greatgrandfather, wrote a poem on him recalling the ferocity of his rule and setting it against the annihilating effect of forgetfulness (Sel. Poems 15). In accordance with a decree of 1840, Rosas confiscated all property and goods belonging to the Unitarians and their families in order to finance his army and popular support. The Elderly Lady
Fernández Moreno poem
Roscellinus, French scholastic philosopher, c. 1045-c. 1120
county in Ireland
Fishburn and Hughes: A county and town in central Ireland. A Survey of the Works of Herbert Quain
Quain story in Statements, 1939, a source of "Las ruinas circulares"
Williams play, 1950
French Catholic magazine of the early twentieth century
rose garden in Palermo Park, Buenos Aires
German Nazi leader, 1893-1946
character in Bustos Domecq story
here given as an example of a German-Jewish surname
character in Shakespeare's Hamlet
David Jerusalem poem
US journalist and music critic, 1890-1946, one of the editors of The American Caravan in 1927
character in Nazi children's book
Fishburn and Hughes: see Christian Knorr, Baron von Rosenroth
character in Borges story
pianist, character in Borges story
Fishburn and Hughes: A fictional Jewish character in a footnote in "Deutsches Requiem". The name coincides with that of the founder of a school for girls, established in Beirut in 1878. Deutsches Requiem
street in Buenos Aires
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Joseph Henri Honoré Boex, 1856-1940, Belgian-born writer of science fiction, here misspelled Rosney
Scottish divine, one of the chaplains of Charles I , author of Virgilius Evangelizans, 1634
Fishburn and Hughes: A Scottish divine, author of poetical, philosophical and theological works in Latin and English. His most ambitious book, A History of the World, was intended as a continuation of the work begun by Sir Walter Raleigh. In his preface Ross claimed to be more conversant with the dead than with the living, a fact that Borges may well have had in mind when quoting him in the context of 'The Immortal'. Among Ross's Latin books are the eight volumes of Virgilius Evangelizans (1634), which presents the life of Jesus in the words of Virgil. The first five books refer to biblical episodes and their allusion to the figure of Christ. Book 6 describes Christ's birth; book 7 the prophecies of his life and miracles; book 8 to 12 the life, death and resurrection; book 13 his ascension to Heaven and the coming of the Holy Spirit. Each passage is referred to the Aeneid, Eclogues or Georgics by book and line number. Composed of phrases from the writings of another author, Virgilius Evangelizans is an example of a 'patchwork' text alluded to in Nahum Cordovero's Coat of Many Colours. The Inmortal
Another pseudonym of Frederic Dannay (Daniel Nathan, 1905-1982) and Manfred Bennington Lee (Manford Lepofsky, 1905-1971), creators of Ellery Queen.
Canadian journalist and art critic, 1869-1918, Wilde's literary executor
English poet, sister of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1830-1894
English poet and painter, 1828-82, author of The Blessed Damozel, Eden Bower, The House of Life, Sudden Light and other works
Italian painter, 1909-1994, author of Buenos Aires en tinta china, 1951
Italian critic, editor of the Discorso di Giacopo Mazzoni in difesa della "Commedia" del divino poeta Dante, 1898
Uruguayan critic and historian, 1871-1945, author of Cosas de negros and Folletos lenguaraces
Argentine poet and tango composer, b. 1925
character in Kafka's Amerika
French poet and dramatist, 1868-1918, author of Cyrano de Bergerac, Chantecler and other works
Ruckert poem on the struggle between father and son, drawn from the Shah-nama, 1838
Henry Miller trilogy of novels, Sexus, Plexus and Nexus
character in Borges story
German Lutheran theologian, 1799-1867, author of Theologische Ethik, Die Anfange der christlichen Kirche und ihrer Verfassung, Dogmatik and other works
English painter, 1872-1945
may refer to any of a series of European financiers and noblemen
French writer, 1613-80, known for his maxims
city in France, ancient capital of Normandy, called Rudhaborg by the Vikings
Twain memoir of life in California and Nevada, 1872
series of Zola novels, 1871-1893
pseudonymous author of Tyrant of the Andes, 1936, about Juan Vicente Gómez
British teacher who pioneered new method of teaching Greek and Latin, 1863-1950, author of works on Homer, Shakespeare and Indian folktales and one of the early editors of the Loeb Classical Library
Swiss-French philosopher, writer, political theorist and composer, 1712-1778, author of Emile, the Nouvelle Heloïse, Confessions and many other works
pharmacist, character in Borges-Levinson story
character in Borges-Bioy filmscript
Uruguayan writer, 1861-1926, author of a vast Historia de la literatura uruguaya
hotel or restaurant in Borges-Levinson story
London
restaurant in Buenos Aires much frequented by the modernist writers
famous tango bar in the 1920's, on Corrientes
US philosopher, 1855-1916, author of The World and the Individual and other works
character in Hudson's The Purple Land
Spirit, in Hebrew, as in Ruach Elohim, the Spirit of God
FitzGerald translation, 1859, translated into Spanish by Jorge Guillermo Borges
Flemish painter, 1577-1640
character in Bustos Domecq story
shallow river of northeastern Italy, crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 B. C. in defiance of the Senate
German expressionist poet, critic and essayist, 1881-1920
character in Borges story
character in Borges story
character in Borges story
German Orientalist scholar and poet, 1788-1866, author of Liebesfruhling, Ostliche Rosen, Ghaselen, Rostem und Suhrab and other works
It might be an extravagant way to refer to “rowing club” (“club de remo”) by playing with German words. (Mentioned in Bustos Domecq story.)
Rüdeger, character in the Nibelungenlied
George MacMunn study, 1937
Enrique González Tuñón poems, 1928
German literary scholar, author of Jenseitsvorstellungen vor Dante, Dantes Divina Commedia and works on Cervantes, Shakespeare, Camões, Homer and Keyserling
character in Borges story
character in Borges story
town in Warwickshire, England
character in Dante
Fishburn and Hughes: An archbishop of Pisa whose name appears among the traitors in Dante's Divine Comedy (Inferno 33). In 1289 Ruggieri betrayed the trust of Ugolino della Gherardesca, then Mayor of Pisa, accusing him of treason; as a result, Ugolino, his sons and grandchildren were starved to death in a tower now known as torre della fame, 'the tower of hunger'. The Wait
character in Ariosto's Orlando furioso and Orlando innamorato
character in Ellery Queen novel
Old English poem in the Exeter Book
Borges story, 1940, included in Ficciones
Volney book, 1791
Spanish priest and writer, 1861-1934
Argentine writer, 1900-1974, author of popular fiction associated with the Boedo group
character in Bustos Domecq and Suárez Lynch stories, later Mariana Ruiz Villalba de Anglada
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Pumita, character in Bustos Domecq story
character in Bustos Domecq story
Savastano doctoral dissertation, 1971
"el Remiendo," character in Bustos Domecq story
Arcipreste de Hita, c. 1293-c. 1350, author of El libro de Buen Amor
Mexican writer, 1917-86, author of El llano en llamas and Pedro Páramo
Swedish theologian, character in Borges story, author of Kristus och Judas and Den hemlige Fralsaren, perhaps kin to the Swedish-Finnish poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg, 1804-1877
German spy in Borges story, also known as Hans Rabener
Kipling poem
Fishburn and Hughes: Runes were the characters of an early alphabet current in parts of northern Europe (Scandinavia in particular). The word is often used now to describe something secret and mysterious. The Theologians: the crosses which Borges defines as 'runic' are in fact wheeled crosses, the result of the fusion of Viking culture with Celtic Christianity. The wheel was a prominent symbol in early Norse mythology, where it represented the sun. The Theologians; Brodie’s Report
Latin poem about the fabulous adventures of a young man named Ruodlieb, written c. 1030-1050 by a monk of Tegernsee
character in Tulio Herrera's novel Hágase hizo, also known as Alberto
semi-legendary Varangian warrior, founder of the princely dynasty of medieval Russia, d. 879
Fishburn and Hughes: Also Ryurik, Rorik or Hrorikr: a semi-legendary ninth-century Varangian Viking prince, supposedly the founder of the Rurik dynasty which ruled Russia up to 1598. Rurik is thought to have come from Scandinavia at the invitation of the people of Novgorod to settle their internal wars. Three Versions of Judas
Phoenician settlement in northern Africa, in the area of the Spanish enclave Melilla in northern in Morocco
Fishburn and Hughes: Present-day Melilla, a port in Spanish Morocco, founded by the Phoenicians and eventually occupied by Rome. In the fifteenth century it was taken by the Spaniards. A revolt of Spanish officers in Melilla in 1936 marked the start of the Spanish Civil War. The Theologians
Russia. See also Unión Soviética
Fishburn and Hughes: Slang term for Ashkenazi Jews, from ruso, 'Russian' (as opposed to immigrants from the Middle East, who were known as turcos, 'Turks'). Most early Jewish immigration to Argentina was from Russia. According to the historian R.B. Scobie (Buenos Aires: From Plaza to Suburb, 1974, 230), most Russian Jewish immigrants were victims of anti-Semitism. Children thereupon tended to adopt criollo speech and customs, and reject the language and ways of their parents. The English version uses 'Sheeny', a slang word for 'Jews', which does not specifiy their origin. Unworthy
Work by Ramón Gómez de la Serna, 1913.
English critic and social theorist, 1819-1900, author of The Stones of Venice, Modern Painters, The Political Economy of Art and other works
street in Buenos Aires
Fishburn and Hughes: A short passageway in what used to be a rough part of Palermo, not far from Serrano, where Borges lived as a child. Juan Muraña
British philosopher, mathematician, writer and social reformer, 1872-1970, author of Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, The Analysis of Mind, Free Thought and Official Propaganda, Let the People Think and numerous other works
Fishburn and Hughes: An English mathematician and philosopher. Russell's Principia, Mathematica (1910-13) develops the principle that pure mathematics is an extension of logic and that every authentic mathematical statement can be translated into a logical one. The most important stage of his philosophical thought is represented by Our Knowledge of the External World (1914) in which, having discarded both the idealist and realist positions, he replaces 'physical' entities (whose nature is problematical) with logical constructions which we feel to be intelligible. Thus we can avoid reference to the 'unobservable', except as something unknown which we can postulate. This theory is further illustrated in Analysis of Mind (1921) See Analysis of Mind. Later, Russell rejected this programme, though other philosophers continue to work in his tradition. Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote, CF 89: in Our Knowledge of the External World, Russell dedicates a chapter, 'The Problem of Infinity...', to the historical analysis of philosophical questions associated with the concept of infinity. He presents the four arguments against motion produced by Zeno of the Eleatic school, which are based on the principle that time and space are infinitely divisible. The second of Zeno's arguments is the contest of Achilles and the tortoise, which Borges refers to in this story and elsewhere. CF 93: Borges's reference to Russell in connection with 'the curious discourse of Don Quixote on arms and letters' is a humorous allusion to the philosopher's political position. A pacifist and a conscientious objector during World War I, Russell was sent to prison for campaigning against conscription. Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius; Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote
US stage and screen actress, 1907-1976
Wells travel book in the newly formed Soviet Union, 1920
character in the Persian epic poem Shah-nama who fights against his son Suhrab
Azorín book, 1905
Moabite widow in Bible
British physicist, 1871-1937
town in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, famous for the Ruthwell Cross, an Anglo-Saxon cross from the 8th century
character in Herbert Quain's The Secret Mirror
US historical figure, alleged fiancee of Abraham Lincoln, 1813?-1835, later the subject of a poem in Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology
Jan van Ruysbroeck or Ruusbroec, Roman Catholic mystic, born in Brabant, 1293-1381, author of Seven Steps of the Ladder of Spiritual Love and The Spiritual Espousals
once known for its Moorish gardens build by Abd Allah al-Balansi in the ninth century, now part of the city of Valencia
Fishburn and Hughes: Also Al-Rusayfah: a village in Jordan, near Amman. Averroës’ Search
character in Borges story
French orientalist (1580-1660 or 1672), known as the third Western translator of the Qu'ran.
Zen garden, Temple of the Dragon at Peace, in northwest Kyoto